of the United States. 393 



the winter in the middle states - : very numerous in several 

 parts of Europe. 



341. Fuligula rtjfitouques, Nob. Mirror bluish-ash ; chin 

 white ; a bluish-white band across the bill ; no crest. 



Male black, belly white, sides waved with gray ; a chesnut 

 collar. 



Female glossy brownish, face and belly white. 



Tufted Duck, Anas fuligula, Wils. Am. Orn. viii. p. 60. 

 pi. 67- fg. 5. Anas rufitorques, Nob. 



Inhabits North America, where it is widely spread : not 

 uncommon in autumn and early spring in the middle states. 

 Resembling Fuligula cristata, of the old continent.* 



SUBGENUS V. CLANGULA. 



Garrots, Cuv. Clangula, Boie. Clangula, Harelda, 

 Leach. Steph. 



Bill short, narrow, elevated, somewhat attenuated at the 

 end. Nostrils basal, suboval. Tail long, mostly of sixteen 

 feathers. 



Live in extreme northern latitudes. 



342. Fuligula clangula, Nob. Mirror white ; under wing- 

 coverts black ; tail rounded, of sixteen rounded feathers. 



Male white; back wings and tail black, head tumid, pur- 

 plish-green, a white spot each side of the head. 



* Fuligula cristata, Steph. Mirror white ; bill much wider at tip than 

 at base; crested. 



Male glossy black, belly white; head with a large flowing crest. 



Female similar to the male, colors brownish-black ; crest shorter. 



Young' destitute of the crest, brown tinged with rusty ; round the eyes 

 whitish. 



Anas fuligula, et scandiaca, Gm. Anas cristata, Ray. Tufted I 

 Lath. Le Morillon, Buff. pi. ml. 1001. adult male. 



Inhabits the Arctic regions of the old continent, whence it spreads 

 widely in Europe, Asia, and the north of Africa : never found as yet in 

 America, which is extraordinary for an Arctic bird. 



