4o0 Synopsis of the Birds 



Young, bill much smaller, hardly grooved. 



Puffin of Wilson's list ? Mormon glacialis, Leach. Never 

 figured. Omitted in my Catalogue. 



Inhabits the Arctic parts of both continents : not uncom- 

 mon in winter on the coasts of the United States : a rare and 

 accidental winter visitant in northern Europe. 



S80. Mormon akcticus, 111. Black, beneath white ; a broad 

 collar round the neck black ; bill red, exceedingly compres- 

 sed, both mandibles with at least three lateral grooves before 

 the nostrils, lower but little curved. 



Young, bill yellowish-dusky, smooth. 



Puffin of Wilson's list ? Buff. pi. enl. 275. adult. Jllca 

 arctica, L. A. labradora, et deleata, auct. Mormon fra- 

 tercula, Temm. 



Inhabits the north of both continents, migrating in winter 

 to the temperate shores of the United States and Europe. 



89.* ALCA. 



Alca, L. Gm. Briss. Lath. III. Cuv. Temm. Vieill. Ranz. 

 Chenalopex, Moehring. Torda, Dumeril. Penguin, Lacep. 



Bill shorter than the head, robust, cultrate-compressedj 

 broad at base, higher in the middle, feathered to the nostrils, 

 hence much compressed, swoln, grooved and plaited on the 

 sides, hooked at the point ; margins angular ; upper mandi- 

 ble convex, strongly curved from the middle, hooked and 

 acute at tip ; lower gibbous below the point, shorter, oblique- 

 ly truncated ; thick feathers of the face advancing on both 

 mandibles to the middle : nostrils medial, marginal, short, 

 linear, pervious, half closed by the feathered membrane, not 

 perceptible : tongue thick, oblong, entire, acute. Head 



* Having decided to adopt Garrulus as an independent genus, composed 

 of Garrulus and Pica, subgenera of Corvus, the total nnmber of our North 

 American genera is carried to ninety. 



