440 



Sylvia furva. The species ought therefore to be called Troglody- 

 tes furvus (fulvus ?) 



Note 14. Troglodytes etjrop.eus. We have not been able to 

 detect any distinctive mark between the European and American 

 Wren, although their habits are different. If they should prove dis- 

 tinct, the appropriate name Tr. hyemalis, Vieill. must prevail. 



Page 103. Emberiza. Add the following species. 



SUBGENUS PLECTROPHANES. 



158. bis. Emberiza lapponica, Nilss. Quills black ; two outer 

 tail-feathers brownish-black, with a white spot at tip ; hind 

 nail very long, straight. 



Male in full plumage, head and breast black ; beneath 

 white, neck above bright rufous. 



Male in winter, female and young, blackish skirted with 

 rufous, beneath white. 



Lapland Longspur, Emberiza lapponica, Nob. ii. pi. 13. 

 Jig. 2. male. Jig. young female. Fringilla lapponica, L. 

 Emberiza calearata, Temm. 



Inhabits the northern regions of both continents, breeding 

 within the Arctic circle, descending in severe winters in large 

 flocks to the most northern parts of the United States. 



159. Emberiza nivalis, L. Quills white, the six exterior 

 widely black at the point ; tail black, three outer feathers 

 white at base ; hind nail curved. 



Note 15. Fringilla pensylvanica. This species and the fol- 

 lowing, approach very near the subgenus Fringilla. The truth is, 

 that this and Spiza, like many others, pass insensibly into each 

 other. 



Note 16. If this synonym be correct, the ungrammatical name 

 melodia, must give place to that offasciata. 



Note 17. Fringilla erythropthalma. This somewhat anom- 

 alous species, forms the type of Vieillot's genus Pipilo. Several 



