130 PaumMEer, In Memoriam: Wells W. Cooke. Fes 
rails (1914); and gulls (1915). A report on the terns was finished 
but not published and one on the auks and grebes was almost com- 
pleted. Thus Cooke has published on most of the migratory birds 
of North America except the albatrosses, petrels, pelicans, cormo- 
rants, pigeons, hawks, cuckoos, goatsuckers, swifts, and humming- 
birds. Important also are his two articles on migratory birds in 
the ‘National Geographic Magazine’ in 1911 and 1913, and his 
two papers on ‘Bird Migration in the District of Columbia.’! In 
the latter he has worked out with great precision from a long series 
of observations the average dates of arrival and departure of the 
various migrants. 
During the progress of his investigations he published from time 
to time a few general papers on the broader questions of migra- 
tion and on his methods of work. In an article on ‘The Effect 
of Altitude on Bird Migration’? he compared the records from 
Asheville and Raleigh, N. C., and showed the marked differences 
in avifauna and time of arrival caused by a difference of 1700 feet 
in the elevation of these two places in the same State. In ‘ Routes 
of Bird Migration’ ® he advanced his theory of ‘parallels of migra- 
tion’; in a paper entitled ‘Many Eyes are Better Than One Pair.’ # 
he emphasized the importance of codperative work, as shown by 
observations in the vicinity of the National Capital; and in a note 
on ‘Averaging Migration Dates,’*® he explained his apparently 
arbitrary method of selecting dates. Some years ago he published 
‘Some New Facts about the Migration of Birds’ ® accompanied 
by maps showing the wonderful migration route of the golden 
plover, and the variation in the speed of the robin during migration. 
Twelve years later he revised and expanded this paper in his bulletin 
on ‘ Bird Migration,’ 7 which contains his latest views on the subject.. 
In this connection it is interesting to note that while he declined to 
accept Palmén’s 9 ‘Zugstrassen’ (migration routes) for Europe and 
Asia, he himself outlined no less than 7 ‘principal migration routes’ 
1 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X XI, pp. 107-118, 1908. Ibid., XX VI, pp. 21-25, 1913. 
2 Auk, 1904, pp. 338-341. 
3 Auk, 1905, pp. 1-11. 
4 Auk, 1907, pp. 346-348. 
5 Auk, 1908, pp. 485-486. 
§ Yearbook U.S. Dept. Agr. 1903, pp. 371-386. 
7U.S) Dept. Agri. Bull. No. 185, pp. 1-47, 1915. 
