hes 
186 OBERHOLSER, Eastern Subspecies of Sitta carolinensis. 
rather light chestnut; axillars white, anterior under wing-coverts black, 
posterior under wing-coverts white; thighs black, somewhat mixed with 
pale chestnut. ; 
MerAsuREMENTS.— Male:! wing, 92; tail, 46.9; culmen, 19.3; tarsus, 
18.9; middle toe without claw, 15.7. Female:? wing, 89.1; tail, 45.8; 
culmen, 18.1; tarsus, 18.4; middle toe without claw, 15.7. Type (adult 
male): wing, 93.5; tail, 49; exposed culmen, 17; tarsus, 18.5; middle toe 
without claw, 15.5. 
Type LOcALITY.— Washington, D. C. 
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.— Northeastern United States and south- 
eastern Canada: north to Newfoundland, southern Quebec, southern 
Ontario, northern Minnesota, and northern North Dakota, casually to 
northern Manitoba; west to middle North Dakota, eastern South Dakota, 
eastern Nebraska, central Oklahoma, and central northern Texas; south 
to central northern Texas, central Oklahoma, Kansas, northern Missouri, 
central Illinois, central Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia, and Virginia; and 
east to Atlantic coast of United States from Virginia to Newfoundland. 
Remarks.— The best characters to separate this race from Svtta 
carolinensis carolinensis consist in its larger size, the darker colora- 
tion of its upper parts, and the usual plumbeous suffusion on the 
pileum of the female. The relatively shorter and stouter bill is a 
good average character, but so uncertain that it is of compara- 
tively little value in the determination of individual specimens. 
The broader gray margins of wing-coverts and secondaries are 
largely a matter of season; and the lower parts are so often adventi- 
tiously stained from contact with the bark of trees that the color 
of these parts is not of much practical value in identifications. 
Birds of this race from Maryland and the District of Columbia 
are practically identical in color and size with those from the 
northern United States. 
Specimens of Sitta carolinensis cookei, all of which may be 
regarded as breeding records, have, in the present connection, 
been examined from the following localities: 
District of Columbia: Washington. 
Illinois: Cook County; Jacksonville. 
Kansas: Leavenworth. 
Maryland: Laurel; Kensington; Montgomery County; Branchville; 
Finzell (6 miles north of Frostburg); Grantsville; Bittinger. 
1 Average in millimeters of 13 specimens. 
2 Average in millimeters of 16 specimens. 
