418 McAtesr, Shedding of Stomach Lining by Birds. lace 
Black Duck, ete. The number of species of ducks and geese in 
which the process has been observed is 24 and includes the following: 
Merganser, Mallard, Black Duck, Florida Duck, Gadwall, Bald- 
pate, Green-winged Teal, Blue-winged Teal, Shoveller, Pintail, 
Wood Duck, Redhead, Canvasback, Greater and Lesser Scaups, 
Ring-necked Duck, Goldeneye, Bufflehead, White-winged Scoter, 
Surf Scoter, Ruddy Duck, Blue Goose, Ross’s Goose and Canada 
Goose. 
In connection with the last named species it is interesting to 
note that Audubon described (though unwittingly) a case of the 
shedding of the stomach lining. He says:! “The epithelium 
forms two transversely elliptical, concave grinding surfaces, of 
great density (but it is altogether wanting on the rest of the inner 
surface, although this may have happened after death).” It is 
not surprising that the last thought occurred to him, as an explana- 
tion of the case, for things certainly do not look right inside a 
shedding gizzard. However, there is little doubt that that was 
just what he examined. A comparable case is shown in Fig. 11. 
Birds other than Anatide for which we have found evidence of 
shedding the stomach lining are discussed by species, which number 
At: 
Royal Tern (Sterna maxima), Amelia Id., Fla., Nov. 26, 1906.— 
A large crescentic fold of the lining has been pushed away from 
the mucosa near cesophogeal orifice, evidently by incoming food. 
If the bird had lived, there is little doubt that the entire lining 
would soon have sloughed off. 
Black-necked Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus), St. J aes Tay 
Tex., Aug. 14, 1905.— Stomach contained a shed lining in frag- 
ments, and the functional lining was cracked and separating readily, 
leaving a hard layer beneath. 
Long-billed Dowitcher (Macrorhamphus griseus scolopaceus), 
Aransas Bay, Texas, August 14, 1905.— Lining entirely free from 
stomach wall, complete but broken into two pieces; next layer hard. 
Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus subsp.), Gurley, Texas, July 19, 
1905.— Entire lining very loose, with particles of food behind it on 
one side; next lining hard. Apparently this lining would have soon 
separated as a whole. 
1 Orn. Biogr. 5, 1849, p. 609. 
