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DISCOVERY REPORTS 



in boxes which were always kept right end uppermost. The long tubes were used for 

 many animals, but more particularly for Alcyonaria, Crinoids, large worms and deep- 

 sea fishes. 



Seven standard sizes of bottles were carried, the types being those shown in Fig. 33. 

 Most in demand were the four kinds with screw tops {a-d), which have capacities 

 respectively of i lb., 2 lb., 3 lb. and 5 lb. These have a rubber washer and glass lid kept 

 tight by a screw ferrule and are similar to those used for preserving fruit. The ferrules.. 



Fig. 33. Bottles used for the storage of zoological material. 



which are ordinarily made of lacquered tin plate and rust rapidly under sea-going con- 

 ditions, were specially manufactured in copper. In the bottle shown in Fig. 33 e, 

 which was used mainly for large samples of plankton and for the preservation of fine 

 material obtained in small nets attached to the trawl, the glass lid is kept in position 

 by a simple but very eflFective spring clip made of galvanized wire. This type, if made 

 in a sufficient range of sizes, and with larger lids, would be ideal for biological pur- 

 poses. Bottles / and g have glass lids and rubber washers like the others, and in the 

 middle of the lid a recessed perforation covered by a circular glass disc resting on a 

 small rubber washer. The bottle is made tight by means of a small exhaust pump h 

 placed over the centre of the lid : when this pump is used the glass disc forms a non- 

 return valve and a partial vacuum is created inside. These bottles were stocked not 

 because the vacuum device was thought an advantage, but because their shapes 

 rendered them particularly valuable for biological work. Fish nearly 10 in. in length 

 can be put in one of them, while the other, with a mouth more than 5 in. in diameter, 



