222 DISCOVERY REPORTS 



on the method of fixation. All entries were made in soft pencil, B or BB, and the labels 

 curled round inside the tube or bottle with the written side against the glass. Specimens 

 in stoneware jars and tanks were more difficult to label permanently, for in a rolling 

 ship paper labels sometimes get detached or become obliterated by friction. Fish 

 stored in tanks were sewn up in cotton material with two labels, one of which was 

 folded and placed in the mouth or behind the operculum. For other specimens serially 

 numbered bone labels were sometimes employed and of these labels a special register 

 was kept. 



The more important log books were quarto and of two kinds. One of these, 

 the General Scientific Log Book, contained all the particulars shown in the Station 

 List, and, in addition, a record of all observations made between stations. In the 

 Biological Log Book fuller details were given of all nets that were shot, with notes on 

 the catch. Each of these books was in duplicate — a bound volume for use on board 

 and loose sheets, punched for filing in suitable covers, which were posted periodically 

 to London. For deck use smaller octavo books with similar ruling were employed, with 

 pages punched on the left-hand side and perforated at the top. After the entries had 

 been copied the sheets were torn out and filed in loose-leaf covers: they are thus 

 readily available for reference if doubt arises regarding any particular observation. 

 Other books on the loose-leaf principle were used for whale-measurements, whale 

 observations, and for original records of salinity and phosphate determinations made at 

 the Marine Biological Station. 



Short notes on particular organisms were usually written on the back of the label. 

 For longer notes, drawings, water-colour sketches and photographs a quarto loose-leaf 

 "Note and Sketch" book was used. The entries in this book were numbered serially 

 and a printed "Note" label, bearing the same number, was put in the tube or bottle 

 with the specimen concerned. 



Opportunities for making valuable sketches of living animals were numerous, and 

 whenever possible advantage was taken of them. Unfortunately, interesting specimens 

 were usually obtained at times when other work was very heavy. Ridgway's Color 

 Standards and Color Nomenclature^ was in frequent use for recording the colours of 

 living animals. It appears to be much superior to any other book of the same kind 

 and for marine biological work we recommend it very strongly. In spite of the great 

 difficulties caused by the rolling of the ship, successful photographs of living specimens, 

 up to magnifications of 6 diameters, were taken by Dr E. H. Marshall on the ' Dis- 

 covery'. His apparatus consisted of a Leitz camera with 64 mm. "summar" lens and 

 a Sanderson camera with Zeiss/ 6-3 lens of 18 cm. focal length. Both cameras were 

 generally used vertically and the illumination was by a mercury vapour lamp. 



1 Published by A. Hoen and Co., Baltimore, Md. 



