Pomona College, Claremont, California 133 



habitat. Hie difference in time with all of them was from one to 

 two months. This could be accounted for by the fact that they 

 were raised in a steam-heated room and were placed in the sun- 

 shine from two to three hours a day even in winter, and so devel- 

 oped quicker. Artificial help was given to some species which 

 seemed to have trouble in emerging. The mother spider in some 

 cases cuts the silk ot the cocoon and so when some species were 

 particularly long in hatching, a pin point was inserted and an open- 

 ing made. Without the help ot the female Lycosa the young were 

 not able to emerge at all. I'he young would develop in the egg 

 sac up to the emerging and then would dry up, it not given arti- 

 ficial aid. 



The actions ot the newly-emerged young ot the different species 

 were constant. Lycosa upon emerging clambered upon the body of 

 the mother, nearly covering the mother spider. The lycosids which 

 were hatched artificially and had no mother to clamber on died 

 soon after emerging. The young which emerged and were carried 

 by the mother all lived, but the others did not seem to have the 

 necessary strength. The mother often seemed anxious to get rid 

 ot the \oung. It disturbed she threw them oft, and if they were 

 too \oting they died. A female without an egg sac was put with an 

 artificially opened sac and soon the young clambered up on the 

 legs and abdomen ot the adult without any response from her. 

 Another female carried her own egg sac and a load oi orphans 

 which were placed with her. This double load seemed to be too 

 much tor her; for she died before her own brood could emerge. 

 I'he brood which had lived on her a week while she carried her 

 own case, lived. After she died they started an independent life, 

 but generally the young live on the mother two weeks after emerg- 

 ing. These experiments would seem to show that to some degree 

 the life oi the young depended upon the existence of the mother. 

 None ot the Other families sttidied had this dependence of the 

 young upon the mother. 



The young oi Peucetia built simply a line of thread and staved 

 on it or ran around the jar unattached by any silk. The T/iumi- 

 sidce when very small would climb upon the flowers or leaves and 

 bark, seemingly waiting for little mites or Hies. Latrodectus and 



