Buck. — Fishways for the Rank and File 103 



will push up in this to the intake even though they are not 

 half submerged. 



2. Similarly young salmon have been seen to crowd up 

 on the apron of a dam to the very gate when all the gates 

 were closed and the only flow was leakage hardly more 

 than enough to keep the planking wet. 



3. In the traps in use at Grand Lake Stream the salmon 

 are captured on their way down from the lake to the stream, 

 being guided by an arrangement of nets into a small en- 

 closure. When they seek to pass out of this, their search is 

 upstream and the only upstream egress is through a funnel- 

 shaped opening at the bottom and only 6 inches square. 

 Small as this is, the largest salmon in the stream always find 

 and pass it promptly. As there are usually some in the catch 

 weighing 7% pounds, and a sea salmon still larger is occa- 

 sionally taken, it is evident that salmon are willing to pass 

 through a very small opening, if only it is in the right direc- 

 tion to meet their views. 



4. This fact is still further shown by their behavior in 

 the enclosures in which they are held during the spawning- 

 season. The barriers forming these are of fine netting held 

 by stakes and weighted to the bottom by chains laid in a 

 fold of the net. If there is a small gap under the upstream 

 net, where the net does not fit the bottom closely, the fish 

 will wriggle through, even digging under or lifting Ilk- 

 chain if necessary. 



5. On a steep sloping ledge covered with moss and slime, 

 trout have been seen to make their way upstream in water 

 too shallow to cover them and which was very swift. Tn 

 that case they would push ahead a short distance and stop, 

 possibly catching hold of irregularities, or more probably 

 by resting the broad pectorals on the bottom and allowing 

 the pressure of the current to hold them at anchor. That 

 the current will have this effect a simple experiment will 

 show. Put a shingle at the outlet of a sluice so that its thin 

 end will rest on the bottom and the thick end will project 

 below the end of the sluice. Half the length of the shingle 



