Land. — Black-spotted Mountain Trout 195 



hatchery ; and then it will live on those eggs, until it changes from its 

 larval state into the caddis fly proper. It is the larvae that is consuming 

 the eggs. 



The next bottle I show you contains the caddis fly in the larvae. 

 The caddis fly is here rolled in its shell covered with sand ; it throws 

 a web around itself, rolls in the sand and makes a sand-covered shell; 

 it covers itself with leaves or bits of wood, if it cannot find sand to 

 collect on outside, gets under a flat rock, and stays there until changed 

 from the chrysalid stage into the fly stage. They are eventually eaten 

 by the larger trout, both in the larval and fly stage. 



We have here millions of them ; and that and other food is what 

 supports the life of the fish, from the cradle in the baby stage to the 

 grave — which that 10-pound fish means. 



In this bottle is contained what is commonly called the hellgramite. 

 but which is the stone fly ; here it is the chrysalis from which it leaves 

 its shell ; and after it leaves its shell on the rocks it is a fly, reproduces 

 and dies. The eggs hatch directly into the water, go among the stones, 

 and being hatched become flies of various sizes, from half an inch long 

 to as large as your thumb. They are known as the stone fly through- 

 out the United States. 



In the larger streams they are found as long as your thumb, and are 

 known as the willow fly by sportsmen. Here is the diving bettle, the 

 wolf of the waters, of all aquatic insects, in regard to the destruction 

 of fish life. This beetle you see is in his larval stage. It has hard 

 wings in the beetle state. Some of these beetles are found as large 

 as your thumb. I found one inside of a 14-inch trout that had irri- 

 tated the stomach of the trout so that the fish died. When I cut him 

 open the beetle was undigested. The trout will not eat it if it is 

 possible to avoid it, but they live in the mud and come up to the surface, 

 casting a bubble, and go down into the mud ; and if they find any weak 

 trout in still waters, they consume them. As I say, they are the 

 wolves of the water, for the young trout that are weak. Some time 

 ago I received 25,000 grayling eggs of the grayling of Montana. I 

 hatched them out and found out they could not be handled in a hatch- 

 ery, and I transferred them to nursery ponds and saved about 5,000. 

 In the nursery ponds I found that I did not have more than 2,000 

 grayling left, because they had been eaten by the diving beetle. 



But I did raise grayling until they were 12 inches long, and kept 

 them and raised them successfully and distributed them in the public 

 waters. 



The grayling of Montana have teeth the same as the grayling of 

 Michigan, known as Thymallus tricolor, the grayling of Montana known 

 as Thymallus montanus, and Alaska grayling as Thymallus signifcr. I 

 find the raising of any of the grayling impracticable for public waters 

 anywhere in this state, in comparison with the same time devoted to 

 trout. 



