Land. — Black-spotted Mountain Trout 197 



had money and water enough, so that you could keep the ponds clean 

 and could feed them, would it not be better? 



President: We do not want to get into the discussion of fingerjing 

 and fry. We have discussed that question for ten years. 



Mr. Land (indicating on map of the United States) : To illustrate 

 this to you : Here is the State of Wyoming ; draw a line across there, 

 and there were no trout naturally to be found in all those waters that 

 flow into the Atlantic Ocean. That has been all stocked by fry, but 

 never any fingerling raised for planting. Here you have the State of 

 Michigan ; that is the whole of the southern part of the state which I 

 have known since 1877, in trout and grayling culture ; that has been 

 stocked with rainbow trout and brook trout, all turned into public 

 waters without sacs on, with sac absorbed, but because we lose more 

 by keeping and feeding them. We keep a few of the young trout and 

 raise them to fingerlings and turn them over to the railroad companies, 

 because we want some waters stocked with larger sized fish for imme- 

 diate result. 



Mr. C. W. Willard, Westerly, Rhode Island: I understand that 

 Mr. Land said he was unsuccessful in introducing Montana grayling 

 into public waters. 



Mr. Land: My experiments proved unsuccessful. 



Mr. Willard : What is the reason ? 



Mr. Land: The fish cannot be fed and kept in hatcheries; they 

 have to be turned out in nursery ponds where insect life is not de- 

 stroyed, so that it is not profitable to try to introduce them anywhere 

 except in their native habitat. The gentlemen from Michigan will tell 

 you they are exterminated in that state because they put the trout in 

 some of the Michigan streams and drove the grayling out of the Manis- 

 tee River. There is only one part of Michigan now where the grayling 

 are in a natural state, and there we found trout side by side with the 

 grayling. 



Mr. Willard : Can you state the peculiar characteristics of streams 

 that are necessary for the maintenance of grayling life? 



Mr. Land: The only waters that I can call your attention to are 

 the headwaters in Montana of the Yellowstone or Missouri. It is 

 really the Madison River, the headwaters of the Missouri River, and in 

 lakes and streams in Idaho. There you will find the grayling of Mon- 

 tana ; the true American grayling were first found in Michigan in the 

 Manistee and the Au Sable (Thymallus tricolor), and these are the 

 only places we ever found the grayling, except in Europe. Now, the 

 grayling is so tender that it is impossible to feed it in domestication; 

 and I do not believe it is profitable to undertake to try and perpetuate 

 the species of the grayling in preference to the trout. I think it is a 

 waste of public money. It is very fine for the sportsman and the epi- 

 cure who like the grayling, the fine texture of its flesh, etc., but unless 

 we can have them brought down by the Government from Alaska and 



