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  ANNUAL 
  EEPOPtT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1927 
  

  

  years 
  ago, 
  the 
  repopulation 
  of 
  the 
  bay 
  is 
  under 
  way. 
  Most 
  of 
  the 
  

   life 
  is 
  plankton 
  and 
  nekton. 
  That 
  it 
  is 
  abundant 
  is 
  evidenced 
  by 
  the 
  

   swarms 
  of 
  cormorants, 
  gulls, 
  puffins, 
  and 
  other 
  birds 
  feeding 
  among 
  

   the 
  drifting 
  bergs 
  and 
  ice 
  cakes. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  doubt 
  but 
  that 
  littoral 
  

   life 
  will 
  again 
  be 
  abundant, 
  and 
  the 
  beginnings 
  have 
  been 
  made, 
  

   chiefly 
  by 
  alga3, 
  even 
  as 
  reforestation 
  is 
  taking 
  place 
  over 
  the 
  recently 
  

   glaciated 
  shores 
  of 
  the 
  bay. 
  

  

  The 
  abundance 
  of 
  marine 
  life 
  in 
  high 
  latitudes 
  has 
  long 
  been 
  

   known. 
  So 
  far 
  back 
  as 
  1852 
  in 
  Sutherland's 
  Journal 
  quite 
  an 
  ac- 
  

   count 
  is 
  given 
  of 
  the 
  fauna 
  captured 
  in 
  the 
  shallow 
  waters 
  of 
  the 
  far 
  

   north 
  with 
  crude 
  dredges. 
  Most 
  of 
  the 
  animals 
  were 
  dredged 
  in 
  

   waters 
  up 
  to 
  20 
  fathoms 
  in 
  depth 
  and 
  north 
  of 
  74°. 
  Temperature 
  

   of 
  the 
  water 
  as 
  given 
  in 
  Volume 
  I, 
  page 
  321, 
  never 
  rose 
  over 
  30° 
  F. 
  

   Thus 
  near 
  Beechey 
  Island 
  the 
  fauna 
  is 
  described 
  as 
  consisting 
  of 
  

   " 
  myriads 
  " 
  of 
  sea 
  urchins 
  and 
  ophiuroids, 
  sea 
  anemones, 
  abundant 
  

   Crustacea, 
  nullipores, 
  Mytilus 
  (?), 
  Serpulse, 
  and 
  diatoms. 
  Near 
  

   Cornwallis 
  Island 
  were 
  found 
  abundant 
  fish, 
  mollusca, 
  ophiuroids, 
  

   holothurians, 
  infusoria, 
  diatoms, 
  and 
  great 
  amounts 
  of 
  seaweed. 
  

   In 
  Volume 
  II, 
  page 
  289, 
  the 
  variation 
  of 
  the 
  fauna 
  with 
  depth 
  

   is 
  discussed. 
  At 
  5 
  to 
  10 
  fathoms 
  Mollusca 
  are 
  most 
  abundant, 
  

   then 
  Echinoderma, 
  then 
  Crustacea. 
  At 
  20 
  fathoms 
  Echinoderma 
  

   (Echinoidea) 
  are 
  most 
  abundant, 
  then 
  Crustacea, 
  and 
  finally 
  Mol- 
  

   lusca. 
  In 
  20 
  fathoms 
  Balanus 
  an 
  inch 
  in 
  diameter 
  was 
  found. 
  In 
  

   the 
  appendix 
  to 
  the 
  Journal, 
  pages 
  CCI 
  et 
  seq., 
  a 
  list 
  of 
  the 
  in- 
  

   vertebrates 
  is 
  given. 
  Not 
  taking 
  into 
  account 
  the 
  annelids 
  or 
  micro- 
  

   scopic 
  forms 
  a 
  total 
  of 
  48 
  genera 
  with 
  68 
  species 
  is 
  listed. 
  Accord- 
  

   ing 
  to 
  the 
  classification 
  of 
  that 
  time 
  there 
  were 
  8 
  genera 
  of 
  Gastro- 
  

   poda, 
  11 
  genera 
  of 
  Pelecypoda, 
  3 
  genera 
  of 
  Cephalopoda, 
  17 
  genera 
  

   of 
  Crustacea, 
  and 
  9 
  genera 
  of 
  Echinoderma. 
  This 
  list 
  does 
  not 
  cover 
  

   the 
  collections 
  made, 
  and 
  these 
  in 
  turn, 
  due 
  to 
  their 
  casual 
  character 
  

   and 
  the 
  crude 
  equipment 
  used, 
  probably 
  represent 
  but 
  a 
  small 
  part 
  

   of 
  the 
  actual 
  fauna 
  living 
  in 
  these 
  far 
  northern 
  waters. 
  

  

  A 
  more 
  comprehensive 
  idea 
  of 
  the 
  faunas 
  at 
  present 
  living 
  under 
  

   what 
  are 
  commonly 
  supposed 
  to 
  be 
  highly 
  uncongenial 
  temperature 
  

   conditions 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  reports 
  of 
  the 
  British 
  National 
  

   Antarctic 
  Expedition 
  of 
  1901-1904, 
  Natural 
  History, 
  Volumes 
  II- 
  

   VI, 
  and 
  the 
  British 
  Antarctic 
  Expedition, 
  1907-1909, 
  1914. 
  Most 
  of 
  

   the 
  invertebrates 
  were 
  dredged 
  through 
  holes 
  in 
  the 
  ice 
  on 
  the 
  

   margins 
  of 
  the 
  Antarctic 
  Continent. 
  In 
  the 
  National 
  Antarctic 
  

   Expedition, 
  Zoology 
  and 
  Botany, 
  Volume 
  III, 
  pages 
  1-10, 
  the 
  

   conditions 
  under 
  which 
  the 
  dredging 
  was 
  done 
  are 
  described. 
  For 
  

   a 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  time 
  (June-October) 
  ice 
  crystals 
  formed 
  on 
  the 
  dredge 
  

   cable 
  for 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  5 
  to 
  8 
  fathoms 
  and 
  one 
  time 
  to 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  17 
  

   fathoms. 
  

  

  