﻿366 
  ANNUAL 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1927 
  

  

  known 
  that 
  through 
  the 
  Cassiquiare 
  River 
  the 
  Rio 
  Negro, 
  another 
  

   branch 
  of 
  the 
  Amazon, 
  is 
  joined 
  to 
  the 
  Orinoco 
  River. 
  It 
  is 
  thus 
  

   evident 
  that 
  almost 
  all 
  the 
  waters 
  of 
  eastern 
  South 
  America 
  form 
  a 
  

   single 
  basin, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  fishes 
  are 
  concerned. 
  

  

  As 
  to 
  the 
  method 
  of 
  transfer 
  of 
  the 
  trout 
  from 
  the 
  Columbia 
  to 
  

   the 
  Missouri 
  we 
  are 
  not 
  now 
  left 
  in 
  doubt. 
  

  

  To 
  this 
  day, 
  as 
  the 
  present 
  writer 
  and 
  later 
  Evermann 
  and 
  

   Jenkins 
  * 
  have 
  shown, 
  the 
  Yellowstone 
  and 
  Snake 
  Rivers 
  are 
  con- 
  

   nected 
  by 
  two 
  streams 
  crossing 
  the 
  main 
  divide 
  of 
  the 
  Rocky 
  

   Mountains 
  from 
  the 
  Yellowstone 
  to 
  the 
  Snake 
  across 
  the 
  Two-Ocean 
  

   Pass 
  (pi. 
  2). 
  

  

  Professor 
  Evermann 
  has 
  described 
  the 
  locality 
  as 
  follows: 
  

  

  Two-Ocean 
  Pass 
  is 
  a 
  high 
  mountain 
  meadow, 
  about 
  8,200 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  sea 
  

   and 
  situated 
  just 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  Yellowstone 
  National 
  Park, 
  in 
  loniritude 
  110° 
  

   10' 
  W., 
  latitude 
  44° 
  3' 
  N. 
  It 
  is 
  surrounded 
  on 
  all 
  sides 
  by 
  rather 
  high 
  

   mountains 
  except 
  where 
  the 
  narrow 
  valleys 
  of 
  Atlantic 
  and 
  Pacific 
  Creeks 
  

   open 
  out 
  from 
  it. 
  Running 
  back 
  among 
  the 
  mountains 
  to 
  the 
  northward 
  are 
  

   two 
  small 
  canj'ons 
  down 
  which 
  come 
  two 
  small 
  streams. 
  On 
  the 
  opposite 
  

   side 
  is 
  another 
  canyon 
  down 
  which 
  comes 
  another 
  small 
  stream. 
  The 
  extreme 
  

   length 
  of 
  the 
  meadow 
  from 
  east 
  to 
  west 
  is 
  about 
  a 
  mile, 
  while 
  the 
  width 
  from 
  

   north 
  to 
  south 
  is 
  not 
  much 
  less. 
  The 
  larger 
  of 
  the 
  streams 
  coming 
  in 
  from 
  

   the 
  north 
  is 
  Pacific 
  Creek, 
  which, 
  after 
  winding 
  along 
  the 
  western 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  

   meadow, 
  turns 
  abruptly 
  westward, 
  leaving 
  the 
  meadow 
  through 
  a 
  narrow 
  

   gorge. 
  Receiving 
  numerous 
  small 
  affluents. 
  Pacific 
  Creek 
  soon 
  becomes 
  a 
  

   good-sized 
  stream, 
  which 
  finally 
  unites 
  with 
  Buffalo 
  Creek 
  a 
  few 
  miles 
  above 
  

   where 
  the 
  latter 
  stream 
  flows 
  into 
  Snake 
  River. 
  

  

  Atlantic 
  Creek 
  was 
  found 
  to 
  have 
  two 
  forks 
  entering 
  the 
  pass. 
  At 
  the 
  north 
  

   end 
  of 
  the 
  meadow 
  is 
  a 
  small 
  wooded 
  canyon 
  down 
  which 
  flows 
  the 
  North 
  

   Fork. 
  This 
  stream 
  hugs 
  the 
  border 
  of 
  the 
  flat 
  very 
  closely. 
  The 
  South 
  Fork 
  

   comes 
  down 
  the 
  canyon 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  side, 
  skirting 
  the 
  brow 
  of 
  the 
  hill 
  a 
  little 
  

   less 
  closely 
  than 
  does 
  the 
  North 
  Fork, 
  the 
  two, 
  coming 
  together 
  near 
  the 
  

   middle 
  of 
  the 
  eastern 
  border 
  of 
  the 
  meadow, 
  form 
  Atlantic 
  Creek, 
  which 
  after 
  

   a 
  course 
  of 
  a 
  few 
  miles 
  flows 
  into 
  the 
  upper 
  Yellowstone. 
  But 
  the 
  remarkable 
  

   phenomena 
  exhibited 
  here 
  remain 
  to 
  be 
  described. 
  

  

  Each 
  fork 
  of 
  Atlantic 
  Creek, 
  just 
  after 
  entering 
  the 
  meadow, 
  divides 
  as 
  if 
  to 
  

   •flow 
  around 
  an 
  island, 
  but 
  the 
  stream 
  toward 
  the 
  meadow, 
  instead 
  of 
  return- 
  

   ing 
  to 
  the 
  portion 
  from 
  which 
  it 
  had 
  just 
  parted, 
  continues 
  its 
  westerly 
  course 
  

   across 
  the 
  meadow. 
  Just 
  before 
  reaching 
  the 
  western 
  border 
  the 
  two 
  streams 
  

   unite 
  and 
  then 
  pour 
  their 
  combined 
  waters 
  into 
  Pacific 
  Creek; 
  thus 
  are 
  

   Atlantic 
  and 
  Pacific 
  Creeks 
  united 
  and 
  a 
  continuous 
  waterway 
  from 
  the 
  

   Columbia 
  via 
  Two-Ocean 
  Pass 
  to 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  Mexico 
  is 
  established. 
  

  

  Pacific 
  Creek 
  is 
  a 
  stream 
  of 
  good 
  size 
  long 
  before 
  it 
  enters 
  the 
  pass, 
  and 
  its 
  

   course 
  through 
  the 
  meadow 
  is 
  in 
  a 
  definite 
  channel 
  ; 
  but 
  not 
  so 
  with 
  Atlantic 
  

   Creek. 
  The 
  west 
  bank 
  of 
  each 
  fork 
  is 
  low 
  and; 
  the 
  stream 
  is 
  liable 
  to 
  break 
  

   through 
  anywhere 
  and 
  thus 
  send 
  part 
  of 
  its 
  water 
  across 
  to 
  Pacific 
  Creek. 
  

  

  * 
  Kvermann, 
  "A 
  reconnaissance 
  of 
  the 
  streams 
  and 
  lakes 
  of 
  western 
  Montana 
  and 
  

   northwestern 
  Wyoming," 
  In 
  Bull. 
  U. 
  S. 
  Fisheries 
  Commission, 
  XI, 
  1891, 
  24-28, 
  pis. 
  1 
  and 
  

   2 
  ; 
  Jordan, 
  " 
  The 
  story 
  of 
  a 
  strange 
  land," 
  in 
  Popular 
  Science 
  Monthly, 
  February, 
  1892, 
  

   447-458 
  ; 
  Evermann, 
  " 
  Two-Ocean 
  Pass," 
  in 
  Popular 
  Science 
  Montlily, 
  June, 
  1895, 
  witli 
  

   plate. 
  

  

  