﻿368 
  ANNUAL 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1927 
  

  

  Hawaii. 
  In 
  like 
  fashion 
  the 
  large-mouthed 
  black 
  bass 
  is 
  now 
  fre- 
  

   quent 
  in 
  California 
  lakes, 
  as 
  is 
  also 
  the 
  blue-green 
  sunfish 
  {Apomotis 
  

   cyanellus)^ 
  introduced 
  as 
  food 
  for 
  the 
  bass. 
  

  

  The 
  mountain 
  mass 
  of 
  Mount 
  Shasta 
  is, 
  as 
  already 
  stated, 
  a 
  con- 
  

   siderable 
  barrier 
  to 
  the 
  range 
  of 
  fishes, 
  though 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  species 
  

   find 
  their 
  wa}^ 
  around 
  it 
  to 
  the 
  sea- 
  The 
  lower 
  and 
  irregular 
  

   ridges 
  of 
  the 
  Coast 
  Range 
  are 
  of 
  small 
  importance 
  in 
  this 
  regard, 
  

   as 
  the 
  streams 
  of 
  their 
  east 
  slope 
  reach 
  the 
  sea 
  on 
  the 
  west 
  through 
  

   San 
  Francisco 
  Bay. 
  Yet 
  the 
  San 
  Joaquin 
  contains 
  a 
  few 
  species 
  

   not 
  yet 
  recorded 
  from 
  the 
  smaller 
  rivers 
  of 
  southwestern 
  California. 
  

  

  The 
  main 
  chain 
  of 
  the 
  AUeghenies 
  forms 
  a 
  barrier 
  of 
  importance 
  

   separating 
  the 
  rich 
  fish 
  fauna 
  of 
  the 
  Tennessee 
  and 
  Ohio 
  Basins 
  

   from 
  the 
  scantier 
  faunae 
  of 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  streams. 
  Yet 
  this 
  barrier 
  

   is 
  crossed 
  by 
  many 
  more 
  species 
  than 
  is 
  the 
  case 
  with 
  either 
  

   the 
  Rocky 
  Mountains 
  or 
  the 
  Sierra 
  Nevada. 
  It 
  is 
  lower, 
  narrower, 
  

   and 
  much 
  more 
  broken, 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  and 
  Pennsylvania; 
  and 
  in 
  

   Georgia 
  there 
  are 
  several 
  streams 
  wdiich 
  pass 
  through 
  or 
  around 
  

   it. 
  The 
  much 
  greater 
  age 
  of 
  the 
  Allegheny 
  chain, 
  as 
  compared 
  

   w^ith 
  the 
  Rocky 
  Mountains, 
  seems 
  not 
  to 
  be 
  an 
  element 
  of 
  much 
  

   importance 
  in 
  this 
  connection. 
  Of 
  the 
  fish 
  vvdiich 
  cross 
  this 
  chain 
  

   the 
  most 
  important 
  is 
  the 
  brook 
  trout 
  {Salvelinus 
  fontinalis) 
  ^ 
  v/hich 
  

   is 
  found 
  in 
  all 
  suitable 
  waters 
  from 
  Hudson 
  Bay 
  to 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  the 
  

   Chattahoochee. 
  

  

  A 
  few 
  other 
  s]5ecies 
  are 
  locall}^ 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  headwaters 
  of 
  certain 
  

   streams 
  on 
  opposite 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  range. 
  An 
  example 
  of 
  this 
  is 
  the 
  

   little 
  red 
  " 
  fallfish 
  " 
  {HydrofMox 
  rubricroceiis 
  Cope), 
  found 
  only 
  in 
  

   the 
  mountain 
  tributaries 
  of 
  the 
  Savannah 
  and 
  the 
  Tennessee. 
  We 
  

   may 
  suppose 
  the 
  same 
  agencies 
  to 
  have 
  assisted 
  these 
  species 
  that 
  

   we 
  have 
  imagined 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  the 
  Rocky 
  Mountain 
  trout, 
  and 
  sucK 
  

   agencies 
  were 
  doubtless 
  more 
  operative 
  in 
  the 
  times 
  immediately 
  

   following 
  the 
  glacial 
  epoch 
  than 
  they 
  are 
  iiow. 
  Cope 
  calls 
  attention 
  

   also 
  to 
  the 
  numerous 
  caverns 
  existing 
  in 
  those 
  mountains 
  as 
  a 
  sufficient 
  

   medium 
  for 
  the 
  transfer 
  of 
  many 
  species. 
  I 
  doubt 
  whether 
  the 
  main 
  

   chains 
  of 
  the 
  Blue 
  Ridge 
  or 
  the 
  Great 
  Smoky 
  can 
  be 
  crossed 
  in 
  this 
  

   way, 
  though 
  such 
  channels 
  are 
  not 
  rare 
  in 
  the 
  subcarboniferous 
  lime- 
  

   .stones 
  of 
  the 
  Cumberland 
  Range. 
  In 
  the 
  brooks 
  at 
  the 
  headwaters 
  

   of 
  the 
  Roanoke 
  River 
  about 
  Alleghany 
  Springs 
  in 
  Virginia, 
  fishes 
  of 
  

   the 
  Kanawha 
  Basin 
  are 
  found, 
  instead 
  of 
  those 
  characteristic 
  of 
  the 
  

   lower 
  Roanoke. 
  In 
  this 
  case 
  it 
  is 
  likely 
  that 
  we 
  have 
  to 
  consider 
  the 
  

   results 
  of 
  local 
  erosion. 
  Probably 
  the 
  divide 
  has 
  been 
  so 
  shifted 
  that 
  

   some 
  small 
  stream 
  with 
  its 
  fishes 
  has 
  been 
  cut 
  off 
  from 
  the 
  Kanawha 
  

   and 
  transferred 
  to 
  the 
  Roanoke. 
  

  

  The 
  passage 
  of 
  species 
  from 
  stream 
  to 
  stream 
  along 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  

   slope 
  deserves 
  a 
  moment's 
  notice. 
  It 
  is 
  under 
  present 
  conditions 
  

  

  