﻿DISTEIBUTION 
  OF 
  FISHES 
  JORDAIT 
  369 
  

  

  impossible 
  for 
  any 
  mountain 
  or 
  upland 
  fish, 
  as 
  the 
  trout 
  or 
  the 
  

   miller's 
  thumb 
  {Cottus 
  hairdii 
  or 
  ictalops) 
  to 
  cross 
  from 
  the 
  Poto- 
  

   mac 
  liiver 
  to 
  the 
  James, 
  or 
  from 
  the 
  Neuse 
  to 
  the 
  Santee, 
  by 
  

   descending 
  to 
  the 
  lower 
  courses 
  of 
  the 
  rivers, 
  and 
  thence 
  passing 
  

   along 
  either 
  through 
  the 
  swamps 
  or 
  by 
  way 
  of 
  the 
  sea. 
  The 
  lower 
  

   courses 
  of 
  these 
  streams, 
  warm 
  and 
  muddy, 
  are 
  uninhabitable 
  by 
  such 
  

   fishes. 
  Such 
  transfers 
  are, 
  however, 
  possible 
  farther 
  north. 
  From 
  

   ihe 
  rivers 
  of 
  Canada 
  and 
  from 
  many 
  rivers 
  of 
  New 
  England 
  the 
  trout 
  

   does 
  descend 
  to 
  the 
  sea 
  and 
  into 
  the 
  sea, 
  and 
  farther 
  north 
  the 
  

   whitefish 
  does 
  this 
  also. 
  Thus 
  these 
  fishes 
  readily 
  pass 
  from 
  one 
  

   river 
  basin 
  to 
  another. 
  As 
  this 
  is 
  the 
  case 
  now 
  everywhere 
  in 
  the 
  

   North, 
  it 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  the 
  case 
  farther 
  south 
  in 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  

   glacial 
  cold. 
  We 
  may, 
  I 
  think, 
  imagine 
  a 
  condition 
  of 
  things 
  in 
  

   which 
  the 
  snowfields 
  of 
  the 
  Allegheny 
  chain 
  might 
  have 
  played 
  some 
  

   part 
  in 
  aiding 
  the 
  diffusion 
  of 
  cold-loving 
  fishes. 
  A 
  permanent 
  

   snowfield 
  on 
  the 
  Blue 
  Ridge 
  in 
  western 
  North 
  Carolina 
  might 
  render 
  

   almost 
  any 
  stream 
  in 
  the 
  Carolinas 
  suitable 
  for 
  trout, 
  from 
  its 
  

   source 
  to 
  its 
  mouth. 
  An 
  increased 
  volume 
  of 
  colder 
  water 
  mighl 
  

   carry 
  the 
  trout 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  streams 
  of 
  the 
  Catawba 
  and 
  the 
  Savannah 
  

   as 
  far 
  down 
  as 
  the 
  sea. 
  We 
  can 
  even 
  imagine 
  that 
  the 
  trout 
  reached 
  

   these 
  streams 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  place 
  through 
  such 
  agencies, 
  though 
  of 
  

   this 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  positive 
  evidence. 
  For 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  trout 
  in 
  

   the 
  upper 
  Chattahoochee 
  we 
  must 
  account 
  in 
  some 
  other 
  way. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  notew^orthy 
  that 
  the 
  upland 
  fishes 
  are 
  nearly 
  the 
  same 
  in 
  all 
  

   these 
  streams 
  until 
  we 
  reach 
  the 
  southern 
  limit 
  of 
  possible 
  glacial 
  

   influence. 
  South 
  of 
  western 
  North 
  Carolina 
  the 
  faunae 
  of 
  the 
  dif- 
  

   erent 
  river 
  basins 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  more 
  distinct 
  from 
  one 
  another. 
  

   Certain 
  ripple-loving 
  types 
  are 
  represented 
  by 
  closely 
  related 
  but 
  

   unquestionably 
  different 
  species 
  in 
  each 
  river 
  basin, 
  and 
  it 
  would 
  

   appear 
  that 
  a 
  thorough 
  mingling 
  of 
  the 
  upland 
  species 
  in 
  these 
  

   rivers 
  has 
  never 
  taken 
  place. 
  

  

  The 
  best 
  examples* 
  of 
  this 
  are 
  the 
  following: 
  In 
  the 
  Santee 
  Basin 
  

   are 
  found 
  Notropis 
  ijyrrliomelas^ 
  Notrofis 
  niveus^ 
  and 
  Notroyis 
  

   cMoristius' 
  in 
  the 
  Altamaha, 
  Not'ropis 
  xmniMrxos 
  and 
  Notropis 
  caX- 
  

   lisemus; 
  in 
  the 
  Chattahoochee, 
  Notropis 
  hypselopteru^ 
  and 
  Notropis 
  

   ewrystoiiius; 
  in 
  the 
  Alabama, 
  Notropis 
  cmruleus^ 
  Notropis 
  trichrois- 
  

   tius, 
  and 
  Notropis 
  caUistius. 
  In 
  the 
  Alabama, 
  Escambia, 
  Pearl, 
  and 
  

   numerous 
  other 
  rivers 
  farther 
  west 
  is 
  found 
  Notropis 
  cercostigma. 
  

   This 
  species 
  descends 
  to 
  the 
  sea 
  in 
  the 
  cool 
  streams 
  of 
  the 
  pine 
  woods. 
  

   Its 
  range 
  is 
  wider 
  than 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  others, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  rivers 
  of 
  Texas 
  

   it 
  reappears 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  a 
  closely 
  related 
  subspecies, 
  Notropis 
  

   venustus. 
  In 
  the 
  Tennessee 
  and 
  Cumberland 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  rivers 
  of 
  

  

  • 
  All 
  the 
  species 
  named 
  In 
  this 
  paragraph 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  subgenus 
  Erogala, 
  now 
  placed 
  

   under 
  Cyprinella, 
  to 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  nearer 
  than 
  to 
  Notropis. 
  In 
  Erogala 
  the 
  dorsal 
  has 
  a 
  

   large 
  black 
  area 
  tipped 
  in 
  spring 
  males 
  with 
  silver. 
  

  

  