﻿370 
  AlTlSrUAL 
  EEPOKT 
  SMITHSONIAN- 
  INSTITUTION, 
  192'7 
  

  

  the 
  Ozark 
  Eange 
  is 
  Notropis 
  galacturus; 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  Arkansas 
  

   Notropis 
  camurus 
  — 
  all 
  distinct 
  species 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  general 
  type. 
  

   Northward, 
  in 
  all 
  the 
  streams 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  Alieghenies, 
  and 
  westward 
  

   to 
  the 
  Des 
  Moines 
  and 
  the 
  Arkansas, 
  occurs 
  a 
  single 
  species 
  of 
  this 
  

   type 
  Notropis 
  mhipplei^ 
  varying 
  eastward 
  into 
  Notropis 
  andlostanus. 
  

   But 
  this 
  species 
  is 
  not 
  known 
  from 
  any 
  of 
  the 
  streams 
  inhabited 
  by 
  

   any 
  of 
  the 
  other 
  species 
  mentioned, 
  although 
  for 
  all 
  we 
  know 
  it 
  

   may 
  be 
  the 
  parent 
  stock 
  of 
  them 
  all. 
  

  

  With 
  the 
  lowland 
  species 
  of 
  the 
  southern 
  rivers 
  it 
  is 
  different. 
  

   Few 
  of 
  these 
  are 
  confined 
  within 
  narrow 
  limits. 
  The 
  streams 
  of 
  the 
  

   whole 
  South 
  Atlantic 
  and 
  Gulf 
  coast 
  flow 
  into 
  shallow 
  bays, 
  mostly 
  

   bounded 
  by 
  sand 
  spits 
  or 
  sand 
  bars 
  which 
  the 
  rivers 
  themselves 
  

   have 
  brought 
  down. 
  In 
  these 
  bays 
  the 
  waters 
  are 
  often 
  neither 
  

   fresh 
  nor 
  salt, 
  or, 
  rather, 
  they 
  are 
  alternately 
  fresh 
  and 
  salt, 
  the 
  

   former 
  condition 
  being 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  winter 
  and 
  spring. 
  Many 
  species 
  

   descend 
  into 
  these 
  bays, 
  thus 
  finding 
  every 
  facility 
  for 
  transfer 
  from 
  

   river 
  to 
  river. 
  There 
  is 
  a 
  continuous 
  inland 
  passage 
  in 
  fresh 
  

   or 
  brackish 
  waters, 
  traversable 
  by 
  such 
  fishes, 
  from 
  Chesapeake 
  

   Bay 
  nearly 
  to 
  Cape 
  Fear; 
  and 
  similar 
  conditions 
  exist 
  in 
  the 
  coasts 
  

   of 
  Louisiana, 
  Texas, 
  and 
  much 
  of 
  Florida. 
  In 
  Perdido 
  Bay 
  I 
  have 
  

   found 
  fi^esh-water 
  minnows 
  {Gyprinella 
  cercostigpia^ 
  Notropis 
  

   xcenocephalus) 
  and 
  silversides 
  {Labidesthes 
  sicculus) 
  living 
  together 
  

   with 
  marine 
  gobies 
  {Gohiosoma 
  molestmn) 
  and 
  salt-water 
  eels 
  

   [Myrophis 
  punctatus). 
  Fresh-water 
  alligator 
  gars 
  {Lepisosteus 
  tris- 
  

   tmchus) 
  and 
  marine 
  sharks 
  compete 
  for 
  the 
  garbage 
  thrown 
  over 
  from 
  

   the 
  Pensacola 
  wharves. 
  In 
  Lake 
  Pontchartrain 
  the 
  fauna 
  is 
  a 
  re- 
  

   markable 
  mixture 
  of 
  fresh-water 
  fishes 
  from 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  and 
  

   marine 
  fishes 
  from 
  the 
  Gulf. 
  Channel 
  cats, 
  sharks, 
  sea 
  crabs, 
  sun- 
  

   fishes, 
  and 
  mullets 
  can 
  be 
  found 
  there 
  together. 
  It 
  is 
  therefore 
  to 
  be 
  

   expected 
  that 
  the 
  lowland 
  fauna 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  rivers 
  of 
  the 
  Gulf 
  States 
  

   would 
  closely 
  resemble 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  Mississippi 
  ; 
  and 
  this, 
  in 
  fact, 
  

   is 
  the 
  case. 
  

  

  The 
  streams 
  of 
  southern 
  Florida 
  and 
  those 
  of 
  southwestern 
  Texas 
  

   offer 
  some 
  peculiarities 
  connected 
  with 
  their 
  warmer 
  climate. 
  The 
  

   Florida 
  streams 
  contain 
  a 
  few 
  peculiar 
  fishes 
  {Jordanella^ 
  Rivulus^ 
  

   Heterandria^ 
  etc.), 
  while 
  the 
  rivers 
  of 
  Texas, 
  with 
  the 
  same 
  general 
  

   fauna 
  as 
  those 
  of 
  farther 
  north, 
  have 
  also 
  a 
  few 
  distinctly 
  tropical 
  

   types 
  {Tetragonopterus^ 
  Gichlaurus, 
  etc.), 
  immigrants 
  from 
  the 
  

   lowlands 
  of 
  Mexico. 
  

  

  The 
  fresh 
  waters 
  of 
  Cuba 
  are 
  inhabited 
  by 
  fishes 
  unlike 
  those 
  

   found 
  in 
  the 
  United 
  States. 
  Some 
  of 
  these 
  are 
  evidently 
  indigenous, 
  

   derived 
  in 
  the 
  waters 
  they 
  now 
  inhabit 
  directly 
  from 
  marine 
  forms. 
  

   Two 
  of 
  these 
  are 
  eyeless 
  species 
  {Lucifuga 
  and 
  Stygicola^ 
  fishes 
  

   allied 
  to 
  the 
  cusk, 
  and 
  belonging 
  to 
  the 
  family 
  of 
  Brotulidae), 
  in- 
  

   habiting 
  streams 
  in 
  the 
  caverns. 
  They 
  have 
  no 
  relatives 
  in 
  the 
  

  

  