﻿DISTBIBUTION 
  OF 
  FISHES 
  — 
  JOKDAN 
  371 
  

  

  fresh 
  waters 
  of 
  any 
  other 
  region, 
  the 
  blind 
  fishes 
  {Amblyopsis^ 
  

   Typhlichthys^ 
  etc.), 
  of 
  our 
  caves 
  being 
  of 
  a 
  wholly 
  different 
  type. 
  

   Some 
  of 
  the 
  Cuban 
  fishes 
  are 
  common 
  to 
  the 
  fresh 
  waters 
  of 
  the 
  other 
  

   West 
  Indies. 
  Of 
  northern 
  types, 
  only 
  one, 
  the 
  alligator 
  gar 
  {Lepv 
  

   sosteus 
  tristcechus) 
  , 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  Cuba, 
  and 
  this 
  is 
  evidently 
  a 
  filibuster 
  

   immigrant 
  from 
  the 
  coasts 
  of 
  Florida. 
  

  

  The 
  low 
  and 
  irregular 
  watershed 
  which 
  separates 
  the 
  tributaries 
  

   of 
  Lake 
  Michigan 
  and 
  Lake 
  Erie 
  from 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  Ohio 
  is 
  of 
  little 
  

   importance 
  in 
  determining 
  the 
  range 
  of 
  species. 
  Many 
  of 
  the 
  dis- 
  

   tinctively 
  northern 
  fishes 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  headwaters 
  of 
  the 
  Wabash 
  

   and 
  the 
  Scioto. 
  The 
  considerable 
  difference 
  in 
  the 
  general 
  fauna 
  

   of 
  the 
  Ohio 
  Valley 
  as 
  compared 
  with 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  streams 
  of 
  Michigan 
  

   is 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  higher 
  temperature 
  of 
  the 
  former 
  region, 
  rather 
  than 
  

   to 
  any 
  existing 
  barriers 
  between 
  the 
  river 
  and 
  the 
  Great 
  Lakes. 
  

   In 
  northern 
  Indiana 
  the 
  watershed 
  is 
  often 
  swampy, 
  and 
  in 
  many 
  

   places 
  large 
  ponds 
  exist 
  in 
  the 
  early 
  spring. 
  

  

  At 
  times 
  of 
  heavy 
  rains 
  many 
  species 
  will 
  move 
  through 
  consider- 
  

   able 
  distances 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  temporary 
  ponds 
  and 
  brooks. 
  Fishes 
  that 
  

   have 
  thus 
  emigrated 
  often 
  reach 
  places 
  ordinarily 
  inaccessible, 
  and 
  

   people 
  finding 
  them 
  in 
  such 
  localities 
  often 
  imagine 
  that 
  they 
  have 
  

   " 
  rained 
  down." 
  Once, 
  near 
  Indianapolis, 
  after 
  a 
  heavy 
  shower, 
  I 
  

   found 
  in 
  a 
  furrow 
  in 
  a 
  cornfield 
  a 
  small 
  pike 
  {Esox 
  vei^miculatus 
  

   Le 
  Sueur), 
  some 
  half 
  a 
  mile 
  from 
  the 
  creek 
  in 
  which 
  he 
  should 
  

   belong. 
  The 
  fish 
  was 
  swimming 
  along 
  in 
  a 
  temporary 
  brook, 
  appar- 
  

   ently 
  wholly 
  unconscious 
  that 
  he 
  was 
  not 
  in 
  his 
  native 
  stream. 
  

   Migratory 
  fishes, 
  which 
  ascend 
  small 
  streams 
  to 
  spawn, 
  are 
  especially 
  

   likely 
  to 
  be 
  transferred 
  in 
  this 
  way. 
  By 
  some 
  such 
  means 
  any 
  of 
  

   the 
  watersheds 
  in 
  Ohio, 
  Indiana, 
  or 
  Illinois 
  may 
  be 
  passed. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  certain 
  that 
  the 
  limits 
  of 
  Lake 
  Erie 
  and 
  Lake 
  Michigan 
  

   were 
  once 
  more 
  extended 
  than 
  now. 
  It 
  is 
  reasonably 
  probable 
  that 
  

   some 
  of 
  the 
  territory 
  now 
  drained 
  by 
  the 
  Wabash 
  and 
  the 
  Illinois 
  

   was 
  once 
  covered 
  by 
  the 
  waters 
  of 
  Lal^e 
  Michigan. 
  The 
  cisco 
  

   {Leucichthys 
  sisco 
  Jordan) 
  of 
  Lake 
  Tippecanoe, 
  Lake 
  Geneva, 
  and 
  

   the 
  lakes 
  of 
  the 
  Oconomowoc 
  chain 
  is 
  evidently 
  a 
  modified 
  descend- 
  

   ant 
  of 
  the 
  so-called 
  lake 
  herring 
  {Leucichthys 
  artedi 
  Le 
  Sueur). 
  

   Its 
  origin 
  most 
  likely 
  dates 
  from 
  the 
  time 
  when 
  these 
  small 
  deep 
  

   lakes 
  of 
  Indiana 
  and 
  Wisconsin 
  were 
  connected 
  with 
  Lake 
  Michigan. 
  

   The 
  changes 
  in 
  habits 
  which 
  the 
  cisco 
  has 
  undergone 
  are 
  consider- 
  

   able. 
  The 
  changes 
  in 
  external 
  characters 
  are 
  but 
  trifling. 
  The 
  

   presence 
  of 
  the 
  cisco 
  in 
  these 
  lakes 
  and 
  its 
  periodical 
  disappear- 
  

   ance 
  — 
  that 
  is, 
  retreat 
  into 
  deep 
  water 
  when 
  not 
  in 
  the 
  breeding 
  

   season 
  — 
  have 
  given 
  rise 
  to 
  much 
  nonsensical 
  discussion 
  as 
  to 
  whether 
  

   any 
  or 
  all 
  of 
  these 
  lakes 
  are 
  still 
  joined 
  to 
  Lake 
  Superior 
  or 
  Lake 
  

   Michigan 
  by 
  subterranean 
  channels. 
  Several 
  of 
  the 
  larger 
  fishes 
  

   (as 
  Lota 
  maculosa; 
  Percopsis 
  omiscomaycus 
  ; 
  Esox 
  masguinongy) 
  

  

  