﻿DISTRIBUTIOlSr 
  OF 
  FISHES 
  JORDAN 
  377 
  

  

  As 
  to 
  their 
  habits, 
  we 
  may 
  divide 
  these 
  species 
  rather 
  roughly 
  into 
  

   the 
  four 
  categories 
  proposed 
  by 
  Professor 
  Cope, 
  or, 
  as 
  we 
  may 
  call 
  

   them 
  : 
  

  

  (1) 
  Lowland 
  fishes; 
  as 
  the 
  bowfin," 
  pirate 
  perch," 
  large-mouthed 
  

   black 
  bass,^^ 
  sunfishes 
  and 
  some 
  catfishes. 
  

  

  (2) 
  Channel 
  fishes; 
  as 
  the 
  channel 
  catfish," 
  the 
  moon-eye,'^ 
  gar- 
  

   pike,^^ 
  buffalo 
  fishes,^^ 
  and 
  drum.^^ 
  

  

  (3) 
  Upland 
  fishes; 
  as 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  darters, 
  shiners 
  and 
  suckers, 
  

   and 
  the 
  small-mouthed 
  black 
  bass.^^ 
  

  

  (4) 
  Mountain 
  fishes; 
  as 
  the 
  brook 
  trout, 
  and 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  darters 
  

   and 
  minnows. 
  

  

  To 
  these 
  we 
  may 
  add 
  the 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  distinct 
  classes 
  of 
  — 
  

  

  (5) 
  Lake 
  fishes, 
  inhabiting 
  only 
  waters 
  which 
  are 
  deep, 
  clear, 
  and 
  

   cold, 
  as 
  the 
  various 
  species 
  of 
  v/hitefish 
  -" 
  and 
  the 
  Great 
  Lake 
  trout 
  ^^ 
  ; 
  

  

  (6) 
  Anadromous 
  fishes, 
  or 
  those 
  which 
  run 
  up 
  from 
  the 
  sea 
  to 
  

   spawn 
  in 
  fresh 
  waters, 
  as 
  the 
  salmon,^^ 
  sturgeon,-^ 
  shad,-^ 
  and 
  striped 
  

   bass 
  ^^ 
  ; 
  

  

  (7) 
  Catadromous 
  fishes, 
  like 
  the 
  eel,2° 
  which 
  pass 
  down 
  to 
  spawn 
  

   in 
  the 
  sea 
  ; 
  and 
  

  

  (8) 
  Brackish- 
  water 
  fishes, 
  which 
  thrive 
  best 
  in 
  the 
  debatable 
  

   waters 
  of 
  the 
  river 
  mouths, 
  as 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  sticklebacks 
  and 
  killifishes. 
  

  

  As 
  regards 
  the 
  range 
  of 
  species, 
  we 
  have 
  every 
  possible 
  gradation 
  

   from 
  those 
  which 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  confined 
  to 
  a 
  single 
  river, 
  and 
  are 
  rare 
  

   even 
  in 
  their 
  restricted 
  habitat, 
  to 
  those 
  which 
  are 
  in 
  a 
  measure 
  

   cosmopolitan,^^ 
  ranging 
  everywhere 
  in 
  suitable 
  waters. 
  

  

  Still, 
  again, 
  we 
  have 
  all 
  degrees 
  of 
  constancy 
  and 
  inconstancy 
  

   in 
  what 
  we 
  regard 
  as 
  the 
  characters 
  of 
  a 
  species. 
  Those 
  found 
  only 
  

   in 
  a 
  single 
  river 
  basin 
  are 
  usually 
  uniform 
  enough; 
  but 
  the 
  species 
  

   having 
  a 
  wide 
  range 
  usually 
  vary 
  much 
  in 
  different 
  localities. 
  Such 
  

   variations 
  have 
  at 
  different 
  times 
  been 
  taken 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  indications 
  

   of 
  as 
  many 
  different 
  species. 
  Continued 
  explorations 
  bring 
  to 
  light, 
  

  

  '1 
  Amia 
  calva. 
  

  

  ^ 
  Aphredoderus 
  sayanus. 
  

  

  1* 
  Huro 
  saltnoides. 
  

  

  " 
  Ictalurvs 
  punctatus. 
  

  

  ^^ 
  Hiodon 
  tergisus. 
  

  

  ^' 
  Lepisosteus 
  osseus. 
  

  

  '■^ 
  Ictiohus 
  hubalus, 
  Megastomalohua 
  cyprineUa, 
  etc. 
  

  

  ^ 
  Aplodinotus 
  grunniena. 
  

  

  1" 
  Microptcrus 
  doloinieu. 
  

  

  ^ 
  Coregonus 
  dupeiformis, 
  Leuclchthys 
  artedi, 
  etc. 
  

  

  '^ 
  Cristivomer 
  namaycush. 
  

  

  ^- 
  Salmo 
  salar. 
  

  

  '' 
  Acipcnscr, 
  sp. 
  

  

  "* 
  Alosa 
  aapidissima. 
  

  

  -^' 
  /?oc 
  c«s 
  saxatilis. 
  

  

  ^ 
  AnguiUa 
  hostomeiisis 
  (rostrata) 
  

  

  -' 
  Thus 
  the 
  chub 
  sucker 
  (Erimyxon 
  sucetta) 
  in 
  some 
  of 
  its 
  varieties 
  ranges 
  every- 
  

   where 
  from 
  Maine 
  to 
  Dakota, 
  Florida, 
  and 
  Texas 
  ; 
  while 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  other 
  species 
  are 
  

   equally 
  widely 
  distributed. 
  

  

  