﻿422 
  ANNUAL 
  EEPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1927 
  

  

  Thus, 
  the 
  pepsin 
  of 
  the 
  pig, 
  the 
  thyroid 
  of 
  the 
  sheep, 
  the 
  pancreatic 
  

   extract 
  (insulin) 
  from 
  these 
  or 
  other 
  mammals, 
  the 
  extracts 
  of 
  

   suprarenals 
  and 
  even 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  sex 
  glands 
  of 
  apes 
  and 
  other 
  

   animals, 
  with 
  the 
  immunizing 
  sera 
  from 
  the 
  horse, 
  calf, 
  rabbit, 
  etc., 
  

   are 
  constantly 
  being 
  utilized 
  to 
  supply 
  the 
  want 
  of 
  such 
  substances 
  

   in 
  our 
  body 
  and 
  thus 
  to 
  prevent 
  or 
  cure 
  our 
  diseases. 
  The 
  common 
  

   cod-liver 
  oil 
  is 
  merely 
  a 
  carrier 
  of 
  certain 
  organic 
  chemical 
  sub- 
  

   stances 
  that 
  are 
  lacking 
  for 
  a 
  time 
  being 
  or 
  are 
  being 
  produced 
  in 
  

   insufficient 
  quantities 
  in 
  some 
  human 
  children. 
  Comparative 
  pathol- 
  

   ogy 
  gives 
  many 
  further 
  illustrations 
  in 
  this 
  connection. 
  

  

  Even 
  in 
  the 
  lower-order 
  mental 
  traits, 
  man 
  can 
  not 
  be 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  

   apart 
  from 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  living 
  beings. 
  He, 
  too, 
  is 
  still 
  subject 
  to 
  

   different 
  " 
  instincts," 
  fears, 
  desires, 
  " 
  animal 
  passions," 
  etc., 
  which 
  he 
  

   inherited 
  from 
  far 
  back 
  and 
  the 
  counterparts 
  of 
  which 
  may 
  readily 
  

   be 
  recognized 
  in 
  other 
  living 
  forms 
  about 
  him. 
  In 
  the 
  higher 
  mental 
  

   manifestations 
  only, 
  in 
  self 
  -consciousness, 
  rational 
  self-control, 
  think- 
  

   ing, 
  planning, 
  idealism, 
  intellectual 
  feelings 
  and 
  pursuits, 
  is 
  he, 
  in 
  

   degree 
  at 
  least, 
  high 
  above 
  all 
  other 
  life. 
  It 
  is 
  his 
  intellectual 
  

   entity 
  and 
  potentiality, 
  this 
  something 
  surpassing 
  that 
  constitutes 
  

   his 
  " 
  soul," 
  that 
  places 
  him 
  above 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  creation. 
  

  

  VESTIGES 
  AND 
  REVERSIONS 
  

  

  Another 
  line 
  of 
  strong 
  evidence 
  of 
  man's 
  basic 
  unity 
  with 
  the 
  rest 
  

   of 
  the 
  organic 
  beings, 
  and 
  of 
  his 
  ascent 
  from 
  the 
  same, 
  is 
  plainly 
  

   furnished 
  by 
  the 
  many 
  vestiges 
  he 
  carries 
  of 
  his 
  ancestral 
  forms, 
  and 
  

   by 
  the 
  occasional 
  reversions 
  to 
  prehuman 
  structures, 
  or 
  behavior. 
  

  

  In 
  instances 
  the 
  human 
  mother 
  will 
  bear 
  from 
  two 
  to 
  six 
  children 
  

   at 
  a 
  birth 
  ; 
  and 
  several 
  hundred 
  of 
  instances 
  are 
  recorded 
  in 
  medical 
  

   literature 
  of 
  women 
  and 
  even 
  men 
  who 
  had 
  supernumerary 
  breasts 
  

   or 
  nipples, 
  located 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  as 
  they 
  are 
  in 
  other 
  mammals. 
  

  

  The 
  human 
  baby 
  will 
  cling 
  strongly 
  to 
  a 
  rod, 
  branch, 
  beard, 
  or 
  

   hair; 
  and 
  it 
  shows 
  various 
  characteristics 
  in 
  its 
  actions, 
  physical 
  

   and 
  functional, 
  that 
  have 
  prehuman 
  connections 
  (see 
  literature 
  on 
  

   Atavism). 
  There 
  are 
  young 
  children, 
  Indian, 
  white, 
  and 
  negro, 
  

   running 
  habitually 
  and 
  effectively 
  on 
  all 
  fours 
  (see 
  Am. 
  J. 
  Phys. 
  

   Anthrop., 
  1927, 
  No. 
  3, 
  1928, 
  Nos. 
  1 
  and 
  2). 
  There 
  are 
  children 
  with 
  

   "dents 
  du 
  chien 
  " 
  (dog-teeth), 
  which 
  consist 
  of 
  very 
  prominent 
  

   canines; 
  and 
  the 
  human 
  canines 
  in 
  general 
  are 
  apparently 
  but 
  the 
  

   reduced 
  weapons 
  of 
  other 
  mammals. 
  

  

  The 
  " 
  Darwin's 
  tubercle 
  " 
  occasionally 
  found 
  on 
  man's 
  ear, 
  or 
  the 
  

   absence 
  of 
  the 
  ear 
  lobule 
  ; 
  the 
  arrangement 
  of 
  the 
  hair 
  over 
  the 
  limbs 
  ; 
  

   the 
  occasional 
  webbing 
  of 
  the 
  2 
  and 
  3 
  toes 
  ; 
  an 
  extra 
  lobe 
  at 
  the 
  lower 
  

   end 
  of 
  the 
  right 
  lung, 
  or 
  the 
  division 
  of 
  the 
  left 
  lobe 
  of 
  the 
  liver; 
  

  

  