﻿EVIDENCE 
  ON 
  MAN'S 
  EVOLUTION 
  HRDLiSkA 
  423 
  

  

  the 
  remnants 
  of 
  the 
  platysma 
  (muscle 
  of 
  the 
  skin) 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  ear 
  

   muscles; 
  occasional 
  forms 
  of 
  the 
  incisor 
  and 
  molar 
  teeth; 
  super- 
  

   numerary 
  incisors 
  (many 
  mammals 
  have 
  more 
  than 
  four), 
  and 
  fourth 
  

   molars 
  ; 
  the 
  coccyx 
  ; 
  the 
  supracondyloid 
  process 
  of 
  the 
  humerus 
  ; 
  and 
  

   now 
  and 
  then 
  certain 
  fissures 
  of 
  the 
  brain 
  — 
  appear 
  all 
  to 
  be 
  vestiges 
  

   of 
  prehuman 
  conditions 
  and 
  features 
  testifying 
  in 
  their 
  way 
  to 
  man's 
  

   ascent 
  from 
  lower 
  organisms. 
  

  

  REMAINS 
  OF 
  THE 
  EARLY 
  MAN 
  

  

  The 
  actual 
  documentary 
  evidence 
  of 
  man's 
  origin 
  and 
  gradual 
  rise 
  

   is 
  already 
  very 
  respectable 
  and 
  is 
  steadily 
  growing. 
  

  

  "When 
  Darwin 
  wrote 
  his 
  epoch-making 
  books 
  on 
  the 
  Origin 
  of 
  

   Species 
  (1859) 
  and 
  Descent 
  of 
  Man 
  (1871), 
  man's 
  prehistory 
  was 
  

   barely 
  beginning 
  to 
  be 
  known. 
  

  

  Since 
  then, 
  the 
  cultural 
  remains 
  of 
  earl}^ 
  man, 
  consisting 
  of 
  his 
  

   stone 
  implements, 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  bones 
  of 
  extinct 
  animals 
  on 
  which 
  he 
  

   left 
  his 
  traces, 
  reach 
  literally 
  into 
  millions; 
  and 
  skeletal 
  remains 
  

   of 
  ancient 
  man 
  himself 
  have 
  reached 
  such 
  numbers 
  that 
  but 
  a 
  few 
  

   students 
  are 
  able 
  to 
  master 
  the 
  whole 
  riches. 
  

  

  The 
  cultural 
  objects 
  occur 
  in 
  quantities 
  in 
  ancient 
  caves, 
  deposits, 
  

   and 
  river 
  terraces, 
  especially 
  in 
  western 
  and 
  central 
  Europe, 
  but 
  

   also 
  to 
  some 
  extent 
  in 
  north 
  Africa 
  and 
  Asia 
  Minor, 
  with 
  possible 
  

   extension 
  southward 
  and 
  eastward 
  from 
  this 
  territory. 
  The 
  cave 
  

   of 
  San 
  Brelade, 
  on 
  the 
  island 
  of 
  Jersey, 
  has 
  already 
  yielded 
  to 
  

   Professor 
  Marett 
  and 
  co-workers 
  approximately 
  20,000 
  stone 
  objects 
  

   showing 
  the 
  work 
  of 
  man; 
  the 
  site 
  of 
  La 
  Quina, 
  in 
  southern 
  France, 
  

   gave 
  Henri 
  Martin 
  over 
  100,000 
  specimens, 
  many 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  whole 
  

   implements; 
  the 
  Viestonice 
  site 
  in 
  Moravia, 
  of 
  which 
  only 
  a 
  small 
  

   part 
  has 
  been 
  excavated 
  thus 
  far, 
  has 
  already 
  given 
  to 
  Absolon 
  over 
  

   300,000 
  objects 
  shov,-ing 
  the 
  work 
  of 
  early 
  man; 
  and 
  the 
  Musee 
  de 
  

   St. 
  Germain, 
  near 
  Paris, 
  the 
  Institute 
  de 
  Paleontologie 
  at 
  Paris, 
  the 
  

   National 
  and 
  Cinquantenaire 
  Museums 
  of 
  Brussels, 
  the 
  British 
  

   Museum, 
  the 
  Territorial 
  Museum 
  at 
  Brno, 
  and 
  many 
  other 
  institu- 
  

   tions, 
  in 
  Spain, 
  Germany, 
  and 
  elsewhere, 
  possess 
  collectively 
  vast 
  

   quantities 
  of 
  such 
  remains, 
  with 
  more 
  coming 
  to 
  light 
  every 
  day. 
  

  

  These 
  stone 
  implements 
  and 
  other 
  cultural 
  objects 
  are 
  found 
  asso- 
  

   ciated 
  with 
  the 
  bones 
  of 
  various 
  extinct 
  animals, 
  which 
  help 
  to 
  date 
  

   them. 
  These 
  animals 
  range 
  from 
  ancient 
  elephants, 
  rhinoceroses, 
  

   lions, 
  leopards, 
  hyenas, 
  etc., 
  to 
  the 
  mammoth, 
  cave 
  bear, 
  reindeer, 
  

   extinct 
  horses 
  and 
  bisons. 
  They 
  show 
  warm 
  and 
  cold 
  periods, 
  corre- 
  

   sponding 
  with 
  the 
  subdivisions 
  of 
  the 
  ice 
  age. 
  And 
  the 
  stone 
  objects 
  

   show 
  definite 
  phases 
  or 
  fashions 
  of 
  workmanship 
  which, 
  together 
  

   with 
  the 
  criteria 
  of 
  age, 
  enable 
  the 
  student 
  to 
  classify 
  human 
  pre- 
  

  

  