﻿448 
  AXNUAL 
  llEPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1927 
  

  

  the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  princely 
  houses 
  belonged 
  to 
  the 
  clans 
  of 
  Chi, 
  

   Ssu, 
  and 
  Ying, 
  members 
  of 
  which 
  played 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  role 
  

   in 
  the 
  colonization 
  of 
  the 
  west. 
  The 
  Ssu 
  had 
  there 
  their 
  religious 
  

   center, 
  about 
  the 
  island 
  of 
  Yii-shan 
  ; 
  there 
  was 
  situated 
  the 
  temple 
  of 
  

   their 
  ancestor 
  Kun, 
  and 
  to 
  branches 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  family 
  belonged 
  the 
  

   fiefs 
  of 
  Cheng, 
  near 
  Yi-chou, 
  of 
  Shen, 
  near 
  Ju-ning, 
  of 
  Ch'i, 
  near 
  

   K'ai-feng, 
  of 
  Yang, 
  near 
  I-shui, 
  etc. 
  Those 
  who 
  had 
  gone 
  on 
  into 
  

   the 
  west 
  had 
  settled 
  along 
  the 
  banks 
  of 
  the 
  Yellow 
  River, 
  around 
  the 
  

   temple 
  which 
  they 
  had 
  built 
  to 
  their 
  ancestor 
  Yii, 
  son 
  of 
  Kun, 
  at 
  the 
  

   mouth 
  of 
  the 
  defile 
  of 
  Limg-men. 
  Thereabouts 
  they 
  founded 
  a 
  few 
  

   small 
  principalities; 
  on 
  the 
  right 
  bank 
  of 
  the 
  Yellow 
  River, 
  Hsin, 
  a 
  

   daughter 
  of 
  which 
  was 
  believed 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  the 
  mother 
  of 
  King 
  

   Wu, 
  founder 
  of 
  the 
  Chou 
  dynasty, 
  while 
  on 
  the 
  left 
  bank 
  lay 
  Hsia, 
  

   Ming, 
  and 
  Tung, 
  the 
  count 
  of 
  the 
  last 
  named 
  being 
  entrusted 
  with 
  the 
  

   duty 
  of 
  representing 
  his 
  ancestor 
  Kun, 
  father 
  of 
  Yii, 
  at 
  a 
  solemn 
  

   sacrifice 
  held 
  by 
  Prince 
  P'ing 
  of 
  Chin 
  in 
  535. 
  Some 
  had 
  crossed 
  

   beyond 
  the 
  Ch'in-ling 
  Range 
  into 
  the 
  upper 
  valley 
  of 
  the 
  Han; 
  

   among 
  them 
  were 
  the 
  lords 
  of 
  Pao, 
  from 
  whom 
  sprang 
  the 
  beautiful 
  

   Ssu 
  of 
  Pao, 
  the 
  ill-omened 
  queen 
  who, 
  according 
  to 
  legend, 
  ruined 
  

   King 
  Yii 
  of 
  the 
  Chou 
  dynast}^ 
  (TYl 
  B. 
  C). 
  Mingled 
  with 
  these 
  

   princely 
  houses 
  on 
  the 
  bariks 
  of 
  the 
  Yellow 
  River, 
  just 
  as 
  they 
  had 
  

   been 
  in 
  the 
  eastern 
  plain, 
  for 
  their 
  fief 
  of 
  T'an 
  was 
  near 
  Cheng, 
  and 
  

   that 
  of 
  Huang 
  not 
  far 
  from 
  Shen, 
  etc., 
  certain 
  members 
  of 
  the 
  

   family 
  of 
  Ying 
  held 
  lordships; 
  Keng 
  on 
  the 
  lower 
  Fen; 
  Fei 
  on 
  the 
  

   right 
  bank 
  of 
  the 
  Yellow 
  River, 
  at 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  Lung-men 
  

   gorge; 
  near 
  by, 
  Liang, 
  opposite 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  Fen; 
  and 
  farther 
  

   west, 
  Wang 
  and 
  P'eng-ya, 
  on 
  the 
  River 
  Lo. 
  Outside 
  this 
  center 
  had 
  

   been 
  founded 
  still 
  more 
  distant 
  domains; 
  to 
  the 
  west, 
  Ch'in 
  on 
  the 
  

   upper 
  Wei; 
  to 
  the 
  east, 
  Chao 
  along 
  the 
  middle 
  course 
  of 
  the 
  Fen, 
  at 
  

   the 
  extreme 
  limit 
  of 
  Chinese 
  colonization. 
  The 
  widest 
  extent 
  of 
  lands 
  

   seems 
  to 
  have 
  belonged 
  to 
  members 
  of 
  the 
  family 
  of 
  Chi; 
  all 
  the 
  

   Quadrilateral 
  comprised 
  between 
  the 
  Fen 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  the 
  Yellow 
  

   River 
  to 
  the 
  west 
  and 
  south 
  belonged 
  to 
  lords 
  of 
  this 
  house, 
  Chiai, 
  

   Hsia-yang, 
  Yii, 
  and 
  Wei, 
  while 
  others' 
  had 
  domains 
  in 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  

   the 
  River 
  Wei, 
  at 
  Juei 
  near 
  its 
  mouth, 
  at 
  Sliao, 
  and 
  at 
  Kuo, 
  near 
  

   Fengsiang. 
  The 
  most 
  povv^erful 
  of 
  tliese 
  lords 
  was 
  he 
  of 
  Chou, 
  who 
  

   held 
  all 
  the 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  plain, 
  along 
  the 
  middle 
  course 
  of 
  the 
  Rivers 
  

   Ching 
  and 
  Wei, 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  mountains. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  not 
  impossible 
  to 
  form 
  an 
  approximate 
  idea 
  of 
  the 
  apparent 
  

   date 
  when 
  certain 
  of 
  these 
  fiefs 
  were 
  founded. 
  The 
  kings 
  of 
  the 
  

   Chou 
  dynasty, 
  who 
  ruled 
  China 
  from 
  about 
  the 
  tenth 
  century 
  down 
  

   to 
  the 
  third 
  century 
  before 
  the 
  Christian 
  era, 
  were 
  descended 
  from 
  

   the 
  family 
  which 
  had 
  founded 
  the 
  principality 
  of 
  Chou 
  on 
  the 
  

  

  