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  ANNUAL 
  KEPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1921 
  

  

  In 
  former 
  times 
  the 
  emporer 
  in 
  sending 
  an 
  expeditionary 
  force 
  to 
  

   some 
  place 
  would 
  give 
  one 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  tally 
  to 
  the 
  general 
  in 
  com- 
  

   mand 
  of 
  the 
  army 
  and 
  keep 
  the 
  other 
  half 
  himself. 
  The 
  tallies 
  are 
  

   different 
  in 
  different 
  periods 
  and 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  these 
  tallies 
  is 
  very 
  

   interesting. 
  

  

  There 
  were 
  also 
  spears 
  and 
  arrows 
  of 
  the 
  Yin 
  and 
  Chou 
  dynasties, 
  

   some 
  of 
  which 
  bear 
  characters. 
  If 
  we 
  take 
  these 
  arms 
  of 
  war 
  and 
  

   compare 
  them 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  different 
  periods 
  to 
  which 
  they 
  be- 
  

   long 
  we 
  can 
  realize 
  the 
  conditions 
  under 
  which 
  battles 
  were 
  fought. 
  

  

  Later 
  on 
  iron 
  was 
  used, 
  but 
  as 
  iron 
  is 
  difficult 
  to 
  preserve 
  many 
  

   of 
  the 
  arms 
  made 
  of 
  this 
  metal 
  were 
  destroyed. 
  However, 
  some 
  

   arrows 
  and 
  arrowheads 
  made 
  of 
  brass 
  are 
  still 
  preserved. 
  Again, 
  

   the 
  bows 
  with 
  mechanical 
  devices 
  that 
  belonged 
  to 
  the 
  dynasties 
  of 
  

   Wei, 
  Chin, 
  and 
  Han 
  are 
  entirely 
  different 
  in 
  construction 
  from 
  those 
  

   in 
  former 
  times 
  and 
  so 
  serve 
  as 
  another 
  kind 
  of 
  material 
  for 
  the 
  study 
  

   of 
  conditions 
  under 
  which 
  wars 
  were 
  waged 
  at 
  that 
  time. 
  

  

  Ceramics. 
  — 
  Ceramics 
  fall 
  into 
  two 
  periods, 
  the 
  porcelain 
  of 
  the 
  

   modern 
  and 
  the 
  pottery 
  of 
  ancient 
  times. 
  Modern 
  porcelain 
  belongs 
  

   rather 
  to 
  art 
  than 
  archeology, 
  and 
  so 
  I 
  shall 
  not 
  say 
  anything 
  about 
  

   it. 
  Ancient 
  pottery 
  can 
  be 
  divided 
  into 
  old 
  pottery, 
  tiles 
  and 
  bricks, 
  

   molds, 
  and 
  tomb 
  images. 
  From 
  the 
  viewpoint 
  of 
  archeology 
  the 
  

   first 
  two 
  are 
  very 
  important, 
  the 
  latter 
  two 
  much 
  less 
  so. 
  

  

  Old 
  'pottery. 
  — 
  A 
  great 
  deal 
  of 
  the 
  pottery 
  that 
  preceded 
  porcelain 
  

   has 
  been 
  taken 
  out 
  from 
  the 
  soil. 
  In 
  Shantung 
  and 
  Yechou 
  of 
  

   Cliihli 
  fragments 
  of 
  pottery 
  have 
  been 
  unearthed 
  and 
  the 
  number 
  

   is 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  small. 
  The 
  characters 
  inscribed 
  on 
  these 
  fragments 
  

   are 
  all 
  different 
  from 
  the 
  ordinary 
  characters 
  on 
  the 
  tripods 
  and 
  

   bells. 
  Some 
  scholars 
  find 
  them 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  language 
  used 
  in 
  the 
  

   warring 
  kingdoms. 
  

  

  We 
  are 
  still 
  studying 
  these 
  fragments 
  of 
  pottery 
  and 
  when 
  we 
  

   succeed 
  in 
  working 
  out 
  completely 
  the 
  characters 
  we 
  shall 
  find 
  them 
  

   to 
  be 
  great 
  contributions 
  to 
  archeology. 
  The 
  measures 
  and 
  rulers 
  of 
  

   the 
  Chin 
  dynasty 
  are 
  sometimes 
  also 
  made 
  of 
  pottery, 
  on 
  which 
  we 
  

   can 
  make 
  out 
  the 
  characters. 
  

  

  Tiles 
  and 
  hricks. 
  — 
  The 
  oldest 
  tiles 
  can 
  be 
  traced 
  back 
  to 
  the 
  Chin 
  

   dynasty. 
  The 
  tiles 
  used 
  by 
  the 
  people 
  of 
  Chin 
  during 
  the 
  period 
  of 
  

   the 
  warring 
  kingdoms 
  can 
  still 
  be 
  found. 
  Tiles 
  were 
  very 
  common 
  

   in 
  the 
  Han 
  dynasty; 
  sometimes 
  they 
  bear 
  inscriptions 
  of 
  the 
  year 
  

   in 
  which 
  they 
  were 
  made 
  and 
  so 
  can 
  be 
  recognized 
  at 
  once. 
  Bricks 
  

   were 
  even 
  more 
  common. 
  All 
  of 
  the 
  bricks 
  used 
  in 
  the 
  large 
  build- 
  

   ings 
  bear 
  inscriptions 
  and 
  the 
  year 
  in 
  which 
  they 
  were 
  made. 
  The 
  

   collection 
  of 
  these 
  old 
  bricks 
  has 
  become 
  a 
  small 
  branch 
  of 
  special 
  

   knowledge. 
  

  

  Molds. 
  — 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  molds 
  of 
  drums 
  and 
  household 
  utensils 
  used 
  

   in 
  ancient 
  times 
  are 
  still 
  preserved. 
  The 
  most 
  important 
  ones 
  are 
  

  

  