﻿ARCHEOLOGY 
  IN 
  CHINA 
  — 
  LIANG 
  463 
  

  

  the 
  molds 
  for 
  the 
  minting 
  of 
  money. 
  Occasionally 
  we 
  stumble 
  upon 
  

   the 
  molds 
  of 
  the 
  Han 
  dynasty, 
  but 
  the 
  molds 
  of 
  later 
  dynasties 
  are 
  

   very 
  common. 
  Many 
  of 
  the 
  molds 
  of 
  the 
  earliest 
  movable 
  type 
  have 
  

   been 
  handed 
  down 
  to 
  us. 
  The 
  oldest 
  ones 
  can 
  be 
  traced 
  back 
  to 
  the 
  

   Five 
  Dynasties. 
  The 
  collection 
  of 
  molds, 
  like 
  the 
  collection 
  of 
  tiles 
  

   and 
  bricks, 
  has 
  become 
  a 
  special 
  branch 
  of 
  knowledge. 
  

  

  Grave 
  utensils 
  and 
  images 
  are 
  those 
  things 
  which 
  are 
  buried 
  with 
  

   the 
  dead. 
  Many 
  of 
  the 
  wooden 
  images 
  have 
  been 
  yielded 
  from 
  the 
  

   soil. 
  The 
  shape 
  of 
  these 
  wooden 
  images 
  and 
  the 
  clothes 
  with 
  which 
  

   they 
  were 
  dressed 
  are 
  worthy 
  of 
  study. 
  The 
  wooden 
  images 
  that 
  

   we 
  have 
  taken 
  out 
  from 
  the 
  soil 
  belong 
  mostly 
  to 
  the 
  Six 
  Dynasties 
  

   and 
  the 
  Tang 
  dynasty. 
  The 
  style 
  of 
  their 
  clothes 
  is 
  very 
  similar 
  to 
  

   that 
  of 
  the 
  westerners. 
  Their 
  prominent 
  nose 
  and 
  deep 
  eyes 
  are 
  

   quite 
  different 
  from 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  Chinese. 
  

  

  From 
  that 
  we 
  can 
  find 
  the 
  traces 
  of 
  the 
  intercourse 
  between 
  China 
  

   and 
  western 
  countries 
  at 
  that 
  time 
  and 
  also 
  the 
  influence 
  on 
  the 
  

   sartorial 
  fashion 
  in 
  China 
  during 
  that 
  period. 
  There 
  are 
  many 
  

   other 
  queer 
  things 
  which 
  can 
  serve 
  as 
  excellent 
  material 
  for 
  the 
  

   study 
  of 
  ancient 
  customs. 
  

  

  Ox 
  hones 
  and 
  tortoise 
  shells. 
  — 
  From 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  Han, 
  scholars 
  

   as 
  a 
  whole 
  were 
  very 
  ignorant 
  of 
  the 
  culture 
  of 
  the 
  three 
  early 
  

   dynasties. 
  The 
  so-called 
  Wei 
  Shu 
  contain 
  fantastic 
  doctrines. 
  But 
  

   after 
  the 
  bones 
  and 
  tortoise 
  shells 
  have 
  been 
  yielded 
  from 
  the 
  soil 
  

   a 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  disputed 
  historical 
  events 
  connected 
  with 
  the 
  Yin 
  

   dynasty 
  begin 
  to 
  be 
  cleared 
  up. 
  Chinese 
  Turkestan 
  was 
  formerly 
  

   regarded 
  as 
  having 
  no 
  cultural 
  importance. 
  But 
  the 
  discovery 
  of 
  

   wooden 
  fragments 
  makes 
  us 
  realize 
  the 
  importance 
  of 
  the 
  relation 
  

   between 
  China 
  and 
  Turkestan 
  at 
  that 
  time. 
  Now 
  let 
  me 
  give 
  a 
  brief 
  

   account 
  of 
  the 
  bones 
  and 
  tortoise 
  shells. 
  

  

  The 
  greatest 
  impetus 
  given 
  to 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  archeology 
  is 
  the 
  dis- 
  

   covery 
  between 
  1898 
  and 
  1899 
  of 
  bones 
  and 
  tortoise 
  shells 
  in 
  the 
  

   Province 
  of 
  Honan. 
  A 
  good 
  many 
  of 
  them 
  have 
  gone 
  to 
  Europe. 
  In 
  

   China, 
  Lo 
  Chen-yu 
  and 
  Liu 
  Tieh-yun 
  have 
  collected 
  not 
  a 
  few 
  of 
  

   these 
  ancient 
  relics. 
  When 
  they 
  were 
  first 
  discovered 
  people 
  did 
  not 
  

   know 
  for 
  what 
  purpose 
  they 
  were 
  intended 
  and 
  found 
  the 
  characters 
  

   inscribed 
  on 
  them 
  very 
  difficult 
  to 
  decipher. 
  

  

  Afterwards, 
  through 
  the 
  careful 
  study 
  of 
  a 
  few 
  great 
  scholars, 
  a 
  

   large 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  characters 
  was 
  identified. 
  

  

  The 
  result 
  is 
  that 
  Chinese 
  archeology 
  is 
  shaken 
  to 
  its 
  foundations 
  

   by 
  this 
  startling 
  revelation. 
  Many 
  mistakes 
  and 
  conjectures 
  of 
  the 
  

   etymology 
  of 
  certain 
  words 
  have 
  now 
  been 
  rectified. 
  Many 
  great 
  

   historical 
  events 
  which 
  are 
  recorded 
  in 
  old 
  books 
  and 
  which 
  have 
  

   been 
  unintelligible 
  to 
  us 
  and 
  regarded 
  as 
  fantastic 
  and 
  far-fetched 
  

   have 
  now 
  been 
  corrected. 
  

  

  