﻿472 
  ANNUAL 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  192'? 
  

  

  These 
  similarities 
  seem 
  unimportant, 
  however, 
  when 
  note 
  is 
  taken 
  

   of 
  the 
  far 
  greater 
  number 
  of 
  dissimilarities 
  existing 
  within 
  the 
  

   contrasted 
  areas. 
  Mention 
  need 
  here 
  be 
  made 
  only 
  of 
  such 
  deep- 
  

   seated 
  distinctions 
  as 
  that 
  of 
  race, 
  language, 
  and 
  the 
  principles 
  

   underlying 
  the 
  application 
  or 
  execution 
  of 
  art 
  designs 
  within 
  the 
  

   two 
  contrasted 
  areas. 
  Through 
  convergence, 
  and 
  influenced 
  by 
  

   many 
  factors 
  of 
  a 
  similar 
  kind, 
  the 
  totemic 
  art 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  areas 
  is 
  

   apparently 
  identical 
  although 
  an 
  analysis 
  shows 
  fundamental 
  

   distinctions 
  in 
  structure 
  and 
  in 
  historical 
  development. 
  

  

  Linguistic 
  relationships. 
  — 
  The 
  question 
  immediately 
  arises 
  whether 
  

   native 
  America 
  taken 
  as 
  a 
  unit 
  has 
  more 
  in 
  common 
  than 
  has 
  one 
  

   coastal 
  culture 
  area 
  in 
  the 
  American 
  northwest 
  with 
  the 
  culture 
  of 
  

   another 
  island 
  group 
  of 
  a 
  different 
  hemisphere 
  separated 
  by 
  thou- 
  

   sands 
  of 
  miles 
  of 
  water. 
  The 
  Pacific 
  Ocean 
  was 
  unnavigable 
  to 
  

   any 
  American 
  tribe 
  with 
  canoes 
  and 
  other 
  transportation 
  facilities 
  

   at 
  its 
  disposal 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  they 
  first 
  became 
  known 
  to 
  early 
  European 
  

   explorers. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  the 
  linking 
  up 
  of 
  the 
  coast 
  Tlingit 
  

   and 
  Haida 
  with 
  the 
  tribes 
  of 
  the 
  American 
  interior 
  opens 
  up 
  en- 
  

   tirely 
  new 
  view 
  points 
  to 
  the 
  student 
  of 
  the 
  northwest. 
  Totemic 
  

   art 
  such 
  as 
  flourished 
  in 
  southeast 
  Alaska 
  may 
  possibly 
  be 
  con- 
  

   nected 
  with 
  tendencies 
  of 
  a 
  similar 
  nature 
  in 
  middle 
  America. 
  

  

  The 
  art 
  of 
  totemic 
  carving 
  in 
  wood, 
  for 
  example, 
  and 
  the 
  pro- 
  

   duction 
  of 
  images 
  assuming 
  human 
  or 
  animal 
  characteristics, 
  even 
  

   the 
  erection 
  of 
  small 
  totem 
  poles 
  is 
  practiced 
  by 
  the 
  San 
  Bias 
  In- 
  

   dians 
  of 
  the 
  Pacific 
  coast 
  of 
  Panama. 
  These 
  Indians 
  form 
  a 
  cultural 
  

   link 
  between 
  the 
  Peruvians 
  and 
  Maya. 
  

  

  Another 
  line 
  of 
  inquiry 
  is 
  opened 
  up 
  by 
  the 
  researches 
  of 
  P. 
  E. 
  

   Goddard 
  and 
  E. 
  Sapir 
  along 
  linguistic 
  lines. 
  They 
  have 
  determined 
  

   that 
  there 
  exists 
  an 
  old 
  relationship 
  between 
  the 
  language 
  of 
  the 
  

   Tlingit 
  and 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  Athapascan 
  tribes. 
  This 
  discovery 
  was 
  fore- 
  

   shadowed 
  by 
  early 
  investigators 
  but 
  was 
  never 
  worked 
  out 
  in 
  detail. 
  

   The 
  large 
  Athapascan 
  linguistic 
  stock 
  has 
  representatives 
  as 
  far 
  

   south 
  as 
  the 
  Apache 
  and 
  the 
  Navaho 
  of 
  New 
  Mexico 
  and 
  Arizona, 
  

   and 
  certain 
  Sonoran 
  tribes 
  of 
  Mexico. 
  It 
  is 
  the 
  stock 
  language 
  of 
  

   tribes 
  occupying 
  the 
  greater 
  portion 
  of 
  Canada 
  west 
  of 
  Hudson 
  Bay 
  

   and 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  Arctic. 
  The 
  arts 
  of 
  these 
  tribes 
  must 
  now 
  be 
  

   studied 
  from 
  the 
  standpoint 
  of 
  any 
  possible 
  relationship 
  with 
  those 
  

   of 
  the 
  northwest 
  coast 
  tribes. 
  

  

  The 
  influence 
  of 
  early 
  voyages 
  by 
  Europeans 
  to 
  southeast 
  Alaska 
  

   has 
  led 
  to 
  a 
  pseudodiffusion 
  of 
  native 
  culture 
  within, 
  historic 
  times. 
  

   As 
  early 
  as 
  1774 
  a 
  Spanish 
  ship 
  sailed 
  from 
  the 
  San 
  Bias 
  coast 
  to 
  

   southeast 
  Alaska 
  and 
  explored 
  the 
  coast 
  as 
  far 
  north 
  as 
  Sitka. 
  

   Another 
  later 
  expedition 
  from 
  the 
  San 
  Bias 
  coast 
  traded 
  with 
  the 
  

   natives 
  of 
  Prince 
  of 
  Wales 
  Island 
  in 
  1779. 
  In 
  later 
  years 
  travelers 
  

  

  