﻿INDIAN 
  VILLAGES 
  OF 
  ALASKA 
  KEIEGER 
  479 
  

  

  rate 
  the 
  fatty 
  particles. 
  When 
  cooled 
  the 
  oil 
  is 
  put 
  into 
  boxes 
  and 
  

   stored 
  for 
  winter 
  use. 
  Fish 
  oil 
  is 
  to 
  the 
  natives 
  of 
  southeast 
  Alaska 
  

   what 
  butter 
  is 
  to 
  milk-consuming 
  peoples. 
  Formerly 
  a 
  meal 
  was 
  not 
  

   complete 
  without 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  olachen 
  oil, 
  unless 
  the 
  less 
  desirable 
  

   herring 
  oil 
  was 
  used 
  instead. 
  The 
  Haida 
  and 
  the 
  Tlingit 
  preserved 
  

   their 
  dried 
  fish 
  and 
  put 
  up 
  berries 
  for 
  winter 
  use 
  in 
  it. 
  Their 
  bodies 
  

   became 
  so 
  saturated 
  with 
  fish 
  oil 
  through 
  daily 
  use 
  as 
  to 
  make 
  the 
  

   skin 
  shiny, 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  doubt 
  that 
  its 
  use 
  rendered 
  the 
  skin 
  and 
  

   body 
  less 
  susceptible 
  to 
  cold 
  and 
  moisture. 
  

  

  Salmon 
  roe 
  is 
  also 
  put 
  up 
  in 
  oil 
  for 
  winter 
  use. 
  Like 
  the 
  olachen, 
  

   it 
  is 
  permitted 
  to 
  putrefy 
  in 
  salt 
  water 
  on 
  the 
  beach 
  before 
  it 
  is 
  mixed 
  

   with 
  oil 
  for 
  the 
  winter. 
  

  

  Herring 
  spawn, 
  for 
  a 
  brief 
  period 
  in 
  the 
  spring, 
  is 
  consumed 
  in 
  

   large 
  quantities 
  in 
  its 
  raw 
  state. 
  At 
  the 
  spaAvning 
  beds 
  every 
  rock, 
  

   seaweed, 
  and 
  the 
  bottom 
  itself 
  is 
  covered 
  with 
  their 
  eggs. 
  Natives 
  

   throw 
  branches 
  of 
  trees 
  into 
  the 
  water 
  and 
  bring 
  them 
  out 
  weighted 
  

   down 
  with 
  spawned 
  herring 
  eggs. 
  The 
  spawn 
  is 
  exposed 
  to 
  the 
  sun 
  

   until 
  cured, 
  then 
  soaked 
  to 
  loosen 
  it 
  from 
  the 
  hemlock 
  twigs, 
  and 
  

   consumed 
  immediately. 
  

  

  Fish 
  roe 
  as 
  a 
  food 
  resource. 
  — 
  Fish 
  roe 
  is 
  sometimes 
  gathered 
  from 
  

   captured 
  fish, 
  and 
  if 
  not 
  eaten 
  at 
  once 
  is 
  preserved. 
  When 
  pounded 
  

   between 
  stones 
  and 
  diluted 
  with 
  water 
  it 
  takes 
  on 
  a 
  creamy 
  appear- 
  

   ance, 
  and 
  when 
  mixed 
  with 
  snow 
  becomes 
  a 
  native 
  form 
  of 
  ice 
  cream. 
  

   When 
  boiled 
  with 
  sorrel 
  and 
  dried 
  berries 
  it 
  is 
  molded 
  into 
  cakes 
  an 
  

   inch 
  or 
  more 
  in 
  thickness. 
  

  

  Meat 
  and 
  food 
  preservation. 
  — 
  Fish 
  and 
  berries 
  are 
  the 
  staple 
  foods 
  

   of 
  the 
  natives 
  of 
  southeast 
  Alaska. 
  The 
  long 
  and 
  inhospitable 
  winter 
  

   requires 
  that 
  the 
  natives 
  lay 
  up 
  a 
  stock 
  of 
  food 
  for 
  the 
  winter. 
  It 
  is 
  

   only 
  comparatively 
  recently, 
  however, 
  that 
  they 
  have 
  found 
  it 
  neces- 
  

   sary 
  to 
  salt 
  or 
  to 
  dry 
  meat 
  for 
  future 
  use. 
  It 
  was 
  formerly 
  nearly 
  

   always 
  possible 
  to 
  obtain 
  meat 
  of 
  many 
  wild 
  animals 
  at 
  all 
  times. 
  

   There 
  is 
  no 
  taboo 
  against 
  eating 
  the 
  meat 
  of 
  the 
  totemic 
  animals, 
  and 
  

   it 
  is 
  doubtful 
  if 
  there 
  ever 
  was 
  a 
  taboo 
  of 
  this 
  sort 
  in 
  southeast 
  

   Alaska 
  as 
  there 
  was, 
  for 
  example, 
  in 
  the 
  totemic 
  system 
  of 
  the 
  

   Kwakiutl 
  of 
  British 
  Columbia. 
  The 
  bear 
  must 
  always 
  be 
  spoken 
  of 
  

   in 
  a 
  respectful 
  manner 
  and 
  the 
  salmon 
  may 
  not 
  be 
  eaten 
  during 
  cer- 
  

   tain 
  seasons, 
  but 
  cultural 
  restraints 
  and 
  food 
  taboos 
  associated 
  with 
  

   ritualistic 
  beliefs 
  when 
  they 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  southeast 
  Alaska 
  have 
  in 
  

   all 
  cases 
  their 
  origin 
  on 
  the 
  mainland 
  of 
  British 
  Columbia. 
  The 
  

   Tsimshian 
  were 
  respected 
  by 
  the 
  Tlingit 
  because 
  they 
  acquired 
  new 
  

   ideas 
  from 
  them, 
  while 
  tlie 
  Athapascan 
  tribes 
  were 
  despised 
  as 
  tlieir 
  

   inferiors 
  because 
  of 
  this 
  very 
  lack 
  of 
  social 
  organization. 
  

  

  Fur-bearing 
  animals 
  such 
  as 
  the 
  bear, 
  beaver, 
  land 
  otter, 
  and 
  others 
  

   are 
  trapped, 
  while 
  deer 
  are 
  hunted 
  during 
  the 
  rutting 
  season 
  with 
  a 
  

   call 
  of 
  birch 
  bark 
  which 
  lures 
  them 
  to 
  the 
  hunter 
  lying 
  in 
  ambush. 
  

  

  