﻿INDIAN 
  VILLAGES 
  OP 
  ALASKA 
  KEIEGEE 
  485 
  

  

  and 
  Army 
  garrison 
  were 
  established 
  there. 
  Village 
  Island 
  was 
  diffi- 
  

   cult 
  to 
  ai^proach 
  due 
  the 
  numerous 
  strong 
  tides 
  and 
  many 
  sharp 
  

   submerged 
  rocks. 
  There 
  was 
  no 
  fresh 
  water 
  on 
  the 
  island 
  and 
  

   practically 
  no 
  vegetation. 
  The 
  discomfort 
  of 
  living 
  on 
  such 
  an 
  

   island 
  devoid 
  of 
  all 
  plant 
  and 
  animal 
  life 
  was 
  compensated 
  for 
  by 
  its 
  

   inaccessibility 
  of 
  approach 
  and 
  freedom 
  from 
  attack 
  by 
  the 
  Kaigani 
  

   Haida, 
  who 
  practically 
  surrounded 
  them, 
  or 
  by 
  the 
  Sitkan 
  and 
  other 
  

   northern 
  Tlingit 
  groups, 
  who 
  were 
  accustomed 
  to 
  raid 
  the 
  Tongas, 
  

   Sanya, 
  and 
  Stikine 
  villages 
  periodically 
  when 
  on 
  their 
  way 
  to 
  trade 
  

   with 
  the 
  Skeena 
  and 
  Nass 
  Kiver 
  tribes. 
  No 
  war 
  canoe 
  could 
  ap- 
  

   proach 
  Village 
  Island 
  without 
  detection 
  long 
  before 
  arrival. 
  

  

  After 
  the 
  acquisition 
  of 
  Alaska 
  by 
  the 
  United 
  States, 
  Tangak, 
  

   later 
  Fort 
  Tongass, 
  became 
  the 
  first 
  port 
  of 
  call 
  for 
  steamers 
  sail- 
  

   ing 
  from 
  the 
  United 
  States. 
  The 
  comparatively 
  large 
  white 
  popula- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  Fort 
  Tongass 
  was 
  too 
  great 
  a 
  lure 
  for 
  the 
  natives 
  of 
  Village 
  

   Island, 
  who 
  now 
  migrated 
  again 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  be 
  near 
  the 
  protection 
  of 
  

   the 
  United 
  States 
  troops. 
  When 
  Fort 
  Tongass 
  was 
  later 
  abandoned 
  

   as 
  a 
  port 
  of 
  entry 
  in 
  favor 
  of 
  Ketchikan 
  and 
  the 
  garrison 
  was 
  with- 
  

   drawn, 
  the 
  village 
  of 
  Tangak 
  (Tongas) 
  also 
  declined. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  

   natives 
  removed 
  to 
  Ketchikan 
  or 
  to 
  the 
  canneries; 
  others 
  joined 
  the 
  

   colony 
  at 
  New 
  Metlakatla, 
  on 
  Annette 
  Island. 
  This 
  remarkable 
  

   cooperative 
  undertaking 
  was 
  established 
  by 
  Father 
  Duncan 
  in 
  the 
  

   80's 
  and 
  flourished 
  for 
  a 
  time 
  only 
  to 
  again 
  decline 
  as 
  newer 
  com- 
  

   munities 
  were 
  established 
  where 
  better 
  opportunities 
  for 
  work 
  were 
  

   offered 
  the 
  natives. 
  

  

  The 
  several 
  family 
  groups 
  at 
  Tongas, 
  each 
  with 
  one 
  or 
  more 
  houses, 
  

   were 
  (1) 
  the 
  Teqoedi 
  or 
  "bear 
  people" 
  having 
  seven 
  houses 
  named, 
  

   in 
  the 
  order 
  of 
  their 
  location 
  in 
  the 
  village 
  from 
  west 
  to 
  east, 
  " 
  bear- 
  

   cub-house," 
  " 
  thunder-house," 
  " 
  stream-on-house," 
  " 
  bear-man-house," 
  

   " 
  mountain-basin-house," 
  " 
  town-end-house," 
  and 
  one 
  unnamed 
  cabin. 
  

   The 
  owner 
  of 
  the 
  " 
  town-end-house 
  " 
  has 
  the 
  rather 
  characteristic 
  

   name 
  of 
  " 
  angry-mouth," 
  while 
  the 
  owner 
  of 
  the 
  " 
  bear-man-housc 
  " 
  

   is 
  " 
  hibernating." 
  

  

  The 
  Wolf 
  people 
  have 
  two 
  houses 
  near 
  the 
  east 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  village 
  

   named 
  the 
  " 
  forested-island 
  house 
  " 
  and 
  the 
  " 
  town-center-house." 
  

   The 
  Raven 
  people 
  (Ganaxadi) 
  have 
  five 
  houses 
  scattered 
  along 
  the 
  

   village 
  front 
  named, 
  in 
  the 
  order 
  of 
  their 
  location 
  from 
  west 
  to 
  east, 
  

   the 
  " 
  island-sand-bar-on-house," 
  the 
  own^r 
  of 
  which 
  bears 
  the 
  dis- 
  

   tinguished 
  name 
  of 
  " 
  treating-each-other-like-dogs," 
  an 
  impertinent 
  

   reference 
  to 
  the 
  peculiar 
  habit 
  that 
  ravens 
  have 
  of 
  dragging 
  about 
  

   the 
  dead 
  body 
  of 
  another 
  raven; 
  next 
  in 
  the 
  somewhat 
  irregular 
  

   line 
  of 
  houses 
  facing 
  the 
  beach 
  is 
  the 
  " 
  starfish," 
  house 
  of 
  the 
  

   Ganaxadi 
  clan 
  chieftain 
  known 
  as 
  " 
  home-of 
  -big-doings 
  " 
  ; 
  this 
  is 
  

   located 
  near 
  the 
  " 
  raven-house," 
  followed 
  in 
  turn 
  by 
  the 
  " 
  shoreward- 
  

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