﻿500 
  ANNUAL 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1927 
  

  

  center, 
  between 
  the 
  tcokofa 
  and 
  the 
  square, 
  and 
  that 
  each 
  of 
  these 
  

   latter 
  was 
  upon 
  a 
  mound. 
  I 
  do 
  not 
  doubt 
  that 
  this 
  represents 
  ain 
  

   ancient 
  pattern, 
  and 
  at 
  one 
  time 
  it 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  the 
  prevailing 
  

   one, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  improbable 
  that 
  there 
  ever 
  was 
  one 
  standard 
  arrange- 
  

   ment. 
  Even 
  in 
  the 
  attenuated 
  square 
  grounds 
  which 
  we 
  find 
  to-day 
  

   there 
  is 
  considerable 
  variation 
  in 
  the 
  number 
  and 
  placing 
  of 
  the 
  

   cabins 
  or 
  " 
  beds," 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  assignment 
  of 
  these 
  to 
  the 
  various 
  

   orders 
  of 
  officials. 
  It 
  is 
  worthy 
  of 
  note 
  that 
  while 
  in 
  most 
  squares 
  

   the 
  cabins 
  lie 
  toward 
  the 
  four 
  cardinal 
  points, 
  at 
  Tukabahchee 
  it 
  is 
  

   the 
  entrances 
  which 
  are 
  so 
  placed. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  figures 
  will 
  illustrate 
  the 
  two 
  points 
  just 
  made 
  — 
  

   (1) 
  the 
  diversity 
  in 
  the 
  arrangement 
  of 
  the 
  squares, 
  and 
  (2) 
  the 
  

   appearance 
  of 
  mounds 
  connected 
  with 
  them. 
  The 
  original 
  exposures 
  

   were 
  all 
  made 
  in 
  1912. 
  It 
  should 
  be 
  premised 
  that 
  normally 
  one 
  of 
  

   the 
  four 
  cabins 
  was 
  occupied 
  by 
  the 
  Mikagi, 
  or 
  chiefs, 
  another 
  by 
  

   the 
  Henihas, 
  or 
  second 
  men, 
  a 
  third 
  by 
  the 
  Warriors, 
  including 
  the 
  

   Tastanagis 
  and 
  Imathlas, 
  and 
  a 
  fourth 
  by 
  the 
  Tasikayas, 
  the 
  initiate 
  

   vvarriors, 
  or 
  youths. 
  Plate 
  1, 
  A, 
  is 
  Alabama 
  square 
  ground 
  as 
  seen 
  

   from 
  the 
  southeast, 
  a 
  square 
  belonging 
  to 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  formerly 
  inde- 
  

   pendent 
  tribes 
  incorporated 
  into 
  the 
  Creek 
  Confederation. 
  It 
  has 
  

   but 
  two 
  cabins 
  and 
  these 
  face 
  each 
  other, 
  the 
  one 
  on 
  the 
  east, 
  the 
  

   nearer 
  in 
  the 
  picture, 
  being 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  Mikagi. 
  The 
  other 
  two 
  

   cabins 
  are 
  represented 
  by 
  single 
  split 
  logs, 
  both 
  of 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  

   seen 
  in 
  the 
  illustration. 
  Plate 
  1, 
  B, 
  is 
  Wiogufki, 
  v/hich, 
  lil^c 
  the 
  

   Abihka 
  ground 
  and 
  some 
  others, 
  omits 
  the 
  north 
  cabin. 
  The 
  cabin 
  

   of 
  the 
  Mikagi 
  is 
  in 
  its' 
  normal 
  position 
  on 
  the 
  west 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  square. 
  

   Plate 
  2, 
  A, 
  is 
  Pakan 
  Tallahassee, 
  which 
  has 
  cabins 
  north, 
  west, 
  and 
  

   south, 
  but 
  none 
  toward 
  the 
  east. 
  The 
  omission 
  of 
  the 
  east 
  cabin 
  is 
  

   fairly 
  common, 
  that 
  being 
  the 
  one 
  ordinarily 
  held 
  in 
  least 
  esteem, 
  

   but 
  Pakan 
  Tallahassee 
  is 
  peculiar 
  in 
  having 
  the 
  chiefs' 
  cabin 
  on 
  

   the 
  north. 
  

  

  It 
  v/ill 
  be 
  noticed 
  that 
  in 
  this 
  ground 
  and 
  the 
  last 
  the 
  chun]?: 
  yard 
  

   and 
  ball 
  post 
  are 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  direction 
  as 
  the 
  missing 
  cabin. 
  Plate 
  2, 
  

   B, 
  is 
  Upper 
  Eufaula, 
  where 
  there 
  are 
  again 
  three 
  cabins, 
  but 
  the 
  one 
  

   wanting 
  is 
  this 
  time 
  that 
  to 
  the 
  west. 
  The 
  chiefs' 
  cabin 
  is 
  north, 
  as 
  

   was 
  the 
  case 
  in 
  the 
  square 
  last 
  considered, 
  but 
  the 
  ball 
  post 
  is 
  south. 
  

   Plate 
  3, 
  A, 
  shows 
  Tukabahchee 
  square, 
  or, 
  rather, 
  the 
  northern 
  part 
  

   of 
  it, 
  as 
  seen 
  from 
  the 
  west. 
  All 
  four 
  cabins 
  are 
  preserved, 
  and 
  they 
  

   are 
  larger 
  than 
  in 
  any 
  other 
  late 
  ground, 
  but 
  the 
  accompanying 
  illus- 
  

   tration 
  shows 
  only 
  the 
  warriors' 
  cabin 
  and 
  the 
  youths' 
  cabin. 
  It 
  will 
  

   be 
  remembered 
  that 
  in 
  this 
  town 
  the 
  entrances 
  lie 
  toward 
  the 
  foiu- 
  

   cardinal 
  points 
  and 
  hence 
  the 
  cabins 
  are 
  oriented 
  halfway. 
  In 
  the 
  

   squares 
  hitherto 
  illustrated 
  the 
  trash 
  piles 
  are 
  too 
  small 
  to 
  attract 
  at- 
  

   tention, 
  but 
  here, 
  while 
  the 
  ridge 
  of 
  trash 
  can 
  not 
  be 
  distinguished 
  

   easily, 
  it 
  may 
  yet 
  be 
  made 
  out 
  extending 
  around 
  and 
  beyond 
  the 
  tree 
  

  

  