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  ANNUAL 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION^ 
  1927 
  

  

  when 
  Charles 
  was 
  only 
  2 
  years 
  old. 
  To 
  his 
  training 
  in 
  the 
  public 
  

   schools 
  and 
  the 
  Utica 
  Academy 
  he 
  added 
  reading 
  and 
  study 
  along 
  

   lines 
  of 
  his 
  own 
  choice. 
  His 
  later 
  associates 
  have 
  shared 
  with 
  him 
  

   his 
  own 
  doubt 
  whether 
  a 
  collegiate 
  course 
  would 
  have 
  replaced 
  the 
  

   training 
  in 
  initiative 
  and 
  continuity 
  of 
  purpose 
  with 
  which 
  seemingly 
  

   adverse 
  circumstances 
  endowed 
  him. 
  

  

  At 
  23 
  he 
  planned 
  to 
  study 
  at 
  Harvard 
  under 
  Louis 
  Agassiz, 
  but 
  

   the 
  great 
  teacher's 
  death 
  a 
  few 
  months 
  later 
  shut 
  that 
  door 
  of 
  oppor- 
  

   tunity. 
  Yet 
  his 
  own 
  testimony 
  is 
  that 
  the 
  influence 
  of 
  Agassiz 
  served 
  

   as 
  an 
  abiding 
  inspiration 
  in 
  keeping 
  his 
  purpose 
  steadfast. 
  The 
  

   memoir 
  appearing 
  in 
  1918 
  summarizing 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  a 
  research 
  of 
  

   45 
  years 
  on 
  the 
  appendages 
  of 
  trilobites 
  was 
  the 
  fulfillment 
  of 
  a 
  

   promise 
  made 
  to 
  Louis 
  Agassiz 
  in 
  1873. 
  

  

  In 
  1876 
  came 
  his 
  first 
  professional 
  appointment, 
  as 
  an 
  assistant 
  to 
  

   James 
  Hall, 
  State 
  geologist 
  of 
  New 
  York, 
  and 
  three 
  years 
  later 
  he 
  

   joined 
  the 
  newly 
  organized 
  United 
  States 
  Geological 
  Survey 
  as 
  

   assistant 
  geologist. 
  In 
  1882 
  he 
  collaborated 
  with 
  Arnold 
  Hague 
  in 
  

   the 
  survey 
  of 
  the 
  Eureka 
  mining 
  district 
  in 
  Nevada 
  and 
  the 
  working 
  

   out 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  Paleozoic 
  section 
  of 
  central 
  Nevada. 
  The 
  charge 
  of 
  

   the 
  Paleozoic 
  paleontology 
  of 
  the 
  survey 
  was 
  now 
  assigned 
  to 
  him, 
  

   and 
  though 
  this 
  entailed 
  considerable 
  routine 
  work 
  in 
  the 
  identifica- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  fossils 
  brought 
  from 
  many 
  fields 
  by 
  the 
  various 
  geologists, 
  

   he 
  was 
  enabled 
  to 
  pursue 
  with 
  vigor 
  liis 
  cherished 
  plans 
  for 
  the 
  

   investigation 
  of 
  the 
  older 
  faunas. 
  He 
  examined 
  the 
  Cambrian 
  for- 
  

   mations 
  of 
  the 
  Appalachian 
  belt 
  all 
  the 
  way 
  from 
  Alabama 
  to 
  Que- 
  

   bec 
  and 
  carried 
  his 
  researches 
  on 
  a 
  more 
  easterly 
  line 
  through 
  New 
  

   England 
  and 
  New 
  Brunswick 
  to 
  Newfoundland. 
  He 
  also 
  began 
  a 
  

   series 
  of 
  western 
  studies 
  which 
  eventually 
  included 
  the 
  most 
  impor- 
  

   tant 
  known 
  bodies 
  of 
  Cambrian 
  and 
  pre-Cambrian 
  rocks 
  in 
  Texas, 
  

   Arizona, 
  California, 
  Idaho, 
  Nevada, 
  Montana, 
  Wyoming, 
  and 
  South 
  

   Dakota. 
  

  

  In 
  1888 
  he 
  visited 
  Wales 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  making 
  a 
  personal 
  

   study 
  of 
  the 
  type 
  district 
  of 
  the 
  Cambrian 
  system 
  — 
  the 
  district 
  ren- 
  

   dered 
  classic 
  by 
  the 
  original 
  labors 
  of 
  Sedgwick 
  and 
  the 
  subsequent 
  

   researches 
  of 
  Hicks. 
  It 
  was 
  on 
  this 
  visit 
  to 
  England 
  that 
  he 
  pre- 
  

   sented 
  his 
  Cambrian 
  researches 
  before 
  the 
  International 
  Geological 
  

   Congress 
  at 
  London. 
  

  

  Of 
  his 
  work 
  as 
  a 
  student 
  of 
  the 
  Cambrian 
  and 
  Algonkian 
  sedi- 
  

   mentary 
  formations 
  and 
  includ'ed 
  organic 
  remains 
  he 
  says 
  : 
  

  

  My 
  own 
  investigations 
  have 
  been 
  mainly 
  in 
  the 
  Cambrian 
  and 
  pre-Cambrian 
  

   strata 
  and 
  have 
  involved 
  new 
  and 
  somewhat 
  startling 
  discoveries 
  that 
  helped 
  

   to 
  show 
  how 
  very 
  much 
  earlier 
  life 
  was 
  developed 
  on 
  our 
  planet 
  than 
  we 
  had 
  

   previously 
  supposed. 
  These 
  researches 
  have 
  taken 
  into 
  consideration 
  the 
  rec- 
  

   ords 
  left 
  on 
  all 
  the 
  continents 
  and 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  islands. 
  Field 
  work, 
  

   with 
  compass, 
  hammer, 
  and 
  chisel, 
  has 
  been 
  the 
  rule, 
  followed 
  by 
  laboratory 
  

  

  