﻿558 
  ANNUAL 
  EEPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION,, 
  1927 
  

  

  ing, 
  along 
  varied 
  lines, 
  and 
  the 
  growth 
  in 
  popular 
  appreciation 
  of 
  the 
  

   Geological 
  Survey 
  under 
  Director 
  Walcott 
  is 
  attested 
  by 
  the 
  large 
  

   increase 
  in 
  annual 
  congressional 
  appropriations 
  for 
  the 
  survey's 
  work 
  

   during 
  his 
  term 
  of 
  office. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  making 
  of 
  Government 
  policy 
  bearing 
  on 
  the 
  settlement 
  of 
  

   the 
  public 
  domain 
  and 
  the 
  utilization 
  of 
  its 
  great 
  resources 
  Director 
  

   Walcott 
  was 
  well 
  qualified 
  to 
  advise 
  Presidents 
  and 
  Congresses, 
  for 
  

   he 
  knew 
  his 
  West 
  at 
  first 
  hand. 
  He 
  shared 
  with 
  his 
  predecessor, 
  

   Major 
  Powell, 
  an 
  ardent 
  interest 
  in 
  the 
  reclamation 
  of 
  arid 
  lands, 
  

   and 
  his 
  efforts 
  to 
  place 
  on 
  a 
  permanent 
  and 
  scientific 
  basis 
  the 
  devel- 
  

   opment 
  of 
  these 
  lands 
  led 
  to 
  the 
  passage 
  of 
  the 
  reclamation 
  act 
  in 
  

   1902. 
  The 
  work 
  authorized 
  by 
  this 
  act 
  was 
  done 
  by 
  the 
  Geological 
  

   Survey 
  until 
  its 
  expansion 
  justified 
  the 
  establishment 
  of 
  the 
  Recla- 
  

   mation 
  Service, 
  which, 
  however, 
  remained 
  under 
  his 
  direction 
  until 
  

   1907. 
  He 
  was 
  also 
  actively 
  interested 
  in 
  forestry, 
  and 
  in 
  1897 
  Con- 
  

   gress 
  directed 
  the 
  Geological 
  Survey 
  to 
  examine 
  and 
  classify 
  thou- 
  

   sands 
  of 
  square 
  miles 
  of 
  lands 
  as 
  the 
  preliminary 
  to 
  the 
  Executive 
  

   reservation 
  of 
  national 
  forests. 
  Not 
  only 
  the 
  drafting 
  of 
  necessary 
  

   legislation 
  but 
  its 
  enactment 
  was 
  the 
  task 
  Director 
  Walcott 
  had 
  

   assumed, 
  and 
  it 
  was 
  only 
  his 
  influence 
  with 
  the 
  leaders 
  in 
  Congress 
  

   that 
  made 
  any 
  stand 
  successful 
  against 
  the 
  antireserve 
  agitation, 
  so 
  

   that 
  the 
  legislative 
  beginning 
  of 
  a 
  national-forest 
  policy 
  may 
  also 
  be 
  

   credited 
  to 
  him. 
  The 
  work 
  thus 
  begim 
  grew 
  into 
  another 
  great 
  

   Government 
  organization, 
  the 
  Forest 
  Service. 
  Still 
  another 
  child 
  

   of 
  the 
  Geological 
  Survey, 
  the 
  Bureau 
  of 
  Mines, 
  had 
  its' 
  beginnings 
  

   under 
  Director 
  Walcott. 
  

  

  In 
  1907 
  he 
  was 
  selected 
  to 
  fill 
  the 
  position 
  of 
  Secretary 
  of 
  the 
  

   Smithsonian 
  Institution, 
  tacitly 
  recognized 
  as 
  the 
  premier 
  position 
  

   in 
  American 
  science, 
  and 
  during 
  the 
  next 
  20 
  years 
  his 
  energy 
  was 
  

   unstintingly 
  given 
  to 
  the 
  many-sided 
  task 
  of 
  that 
  establishment 
  in 
  

   the 
  " 
  increase 
  and 
  diffusion 
  of 
  knowledge 
  among 
  men." 
  Here 
  he 
  

   found 
  large 
  opportunity 
  for 
  stimulative 
  guidance 
  of 
  research 
  and 
  

   wise 
  administration 
  of 
  varied 
  activities. 
  He 
  had 
  earlier 
  served 
  as 
  

   Acting 
  Assistant 
  Secretary 
  of 
  the 
  Smithsonian 
  Institution 
  in 
  charge 
  

   of 
  the 
  National 
  Museum, 
  developing 
  its 
  paleontologic 
  collections 
  

   and 
  suggesting 
  new 
  ways 
  of 
  mounting 
  specimens. 
  His 
  interest 
  in 
  the 
  

   National 
  Museum 
  as 
  " 
  the 
  museum 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  people 
  " 
  added 
  to 
  its 
  

   scope; 
  he 
  arranged 
  for 
  the 
  postwar 
  exhibition 
  of 
  aircraft 
  as 
  a 
  

   medium 
  of 
  public 
  education, 
  and 
  in 
  1920 
  he 
  inaugurated 
  the 
  National 
  

   Gallery 
  of 
  Art 
  as 
  a 
  separate 
  branch 
  of 
  the 
  Smithsonian 
  Institution. 
  

  

  As 
  secretary 
  he 
  directed 
  research 
  investigations 
  in 
  many 
  parts 
  of 
  

   the 
  world, 
  including 
  the 
  memorable 
  African 
  expedition 
  of 
  Theodore 
  

   Roosevelt 
  in 
  1909-10, 
  who 
  was 
  accompanied 
  by 
  representatives 
  of 
  

   the 
  Institution 
  and 
  its 
  branches. 
  

  

  