48 Dr. N. Severtzoff on the Mammals of Turkestan. 



skeletons are wanted ; for M. martes and M. foina differ 

 in their dentition and palatal ridges, and 21. ziheUina differs 

 from both by the number of the caudal vertebra. Judging 

 only from the skins, it appears probable to me that M. 

 foinaj M. martes, and M. ziheUina have one origin, and 

 that the Thian-Shan is the native place of all the three, 

 where, up to the present, as it appears, they have not fully 

 differentiated and obtained specific independence. This may 

 be caused by the want of large woods on the mountains, where 

 even the fir and birch trees grow only in small groves or even 

 singly. 



20. Lutra vulgaris. 



Is to be met with all the year round in Turkestan, except 

 the Zarevshan steppes and mountains and the vicinity of the 

 river Syr-Daija. It does not go up in the mountains very 

 high, never having been met with by me above the cultivated 

 district of about 4000 feet altitude. 



21. Canis lupus. 



Inhabits all Turkestan, and is met with at almost every 

 altitude in the mountains, except in winter, when they leave 

 the summits of the highest mountains. 



22. Canis alpinus. 



I have met with this species in the vicinity of Kopal and 

 Vemoe, but not lower than 5000 feet altitude. 



23. Canis familiaris. 



Extremely common throughout Turkestan in summer ; but 

 in winter they leave the highest parts of the mountains. 



24. Canis vulpes. 



If any thing, it is even commoner than the preceding species, 

 as even in winter it was met with in the highest-situated 

 localities. 



25. Canis melanotis. 



Is found all over Turkestan, except the south-Avestem 

 districts comprising the Hodgent valley, the entire Zarevshan 

 valley, and the Syr-Darja steppes. It is not found higher 

 than about 7000 feet above the sea. 



