Geological Society. 183 



sand about 3 feet thick, like that of the Pin-hole, but with patches 

 of laminated red clay near the base, and containing scattered nodules 

 of black oxide of manganese, and some quartzite and other pebbles, 

 which rested upon a bed of lighter-coloured sands containing blocks 

 of limestone, probably forming part of the original floor of the 

 cavern. The hard stalagmitie breccia contained a great many bones 

 (chiefly of small animals, but with some of lieindeer), and teeth of 

 Rhinoceros tichorhin.ns, Hyaena, Horse, Water-vole, and numerous 

 flint flakes and chips, and a few cores. Some of the flakes were of 

 superior workmanship. A few quartzite implements were also found 

 in the breccia. The cave-earth contained a few flint implements ; 

 but most of the human relics found in it were of quartzite, and of 

 decidedly palaeolithic aspect. There was also an implement of clay- 

 ironstone. The animal remains chiefly found in the cave-earth were 

 teeth of Horse, Rhinoceros tichorhinits, and Hj'sena, and fragments of 

 both jaws of the last-mentioned animal. Bones and teeth of Rein- 

 deer, and teeth of Cave-Lion and Bear also occurred. The red sand 

 underlying the cave-earth contained but few bones, except in one 

 place, where antlers and bones of Reindeer and bones of Bison and 

 Hyaena occurred. At another part a small molar of Elephas primi- 

 genius was found. A large proportion of the bones had been gnawed 

 by Hyaenas, to whose agency the author ascribed the presence of 

 most of the animal remains found ; but he remarked that no copro- 

 lites of Hyaenas had been met with. The foEowing is a list of the 

 animals whose remains occurred in this cavern : — Felis ho (var. 

 speJced), Hyoena crocuta (var. spelcea), Ursus arctos, U. ferox, Canis 

 familiaris, 0. lupus, C. vidpes, Elephas primic/enius, Eqims cahalhts, 

 Rhinoceros tichorhiniis, Bos bison, var. priscus, Bos longifrons, Capra 

 hircus,Sus scrofa domesticus and ferus, Cervus megaceros, C.tarandus, 

 Arvicola amphihins, and Lejous timidus. 



" On the Mammalia and Traces of Man found in the Robin- 

 Hood Cave." By W. Boyd Dawkins, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., 

 F.S.A., Professor of Geology and Palaeontology in the Owens Col- 

 lege, Manchester. 



The author noticed the various species of animals discovered by 

 Mr. Mello during the researches, the results of which are given in 

 the preceding paper, and drew certain conclusions from their mode 

 of occurrence as to the history of Robin Hood's Cave. He con- 

 sidered that the cave was occupied by Hyaenas during the forma- 

 tion of the lowest and middle deposits, and that the great majority 

 of the other animals whose remains occur in the cave were dragged 

 into it by the Hyaenas. That they served as food for the latter is 

 Bhown by the condition of many of the bones. During this period 

 the red sand and clay of the lowest stratum was deposited by occa- 

 sional floods. The red loam or cave-earth forming the middle 

 stratum was probably introduced during heavy rains. The occu- 

 pation of the cave by Hyaenas still continued, but it was disturbed 

 by the visits of Paheolithic hunters. The remains found in the 



18* 



