Dr. N. Severtzoff on the Mammals of Turkestan. 219 



only grows when the animal becomes adult ; it looks almost 

 more like thick wavy hair than any thing else ; its length 

 does not exceed 3 to 3^ inches. This mane spreads all over the 

 front part of the shoulders 5 on the back of the neck the hair 

 is shorter, not exceeding 2 to 2^ inches. 



The forehead, the front portion of the head to half its 

 length, and the cheeks are brownish grey ; the spot above the 

 eye and the lower portion of the head are pure white ; the 

 muzzle is black ; the horns are greyish brown, shaded with 

 yellow. The nape is blackish brown ; the line along the 

 spine is of an earth-brown colour ; the mane is white, inter- 

 mixed with greyish hair. The breast and legs are white ; 

 the back, the shoulders, sides, and thighs are light brownish ; 

 on the sides close to the shoulders there is a white spot ; and 

 on each leg there are two brown lines from the body down to 

 the feet on the hind legs, and down to the knees on the front legs. 



As regards the light-brownish colour, it is purest on the 

 back on each side of the spine, commencing almost from the 

 shoulders and reaching to the loins ; on the front part 

 of the shoulders below the mane it fades into greyish brown * 

 and on the sides behind the white spots it is shaded with an 

 olive-colour which is darker than on the back, but is slightly 

 mixed with white. On the thighs this brown colour commences 

 to get white, the hind parts of which are pure white. The 

 belly is yellowish white, which colour is separated from the 

 sides by a wide blackish-brown line. The tail and a small 

 patch round it are also yellowish white, this colour gradually 

 shades off into brown on the sides ; above the tail there is a 

 small dark spot. 



The female is similar to the male and has also the charac- 

 teristic dark lines on the sides. Her horns are rather shorter 

 than her head and have more-rounded edges ; the curve of the 

 horns forms only one third of a circle ; and they diverge to- 

 wards their points. She is smaller than the male, measuring 

 5 to 5\ feet in length, and is 3 feet high at the shoulders. 



0. argali^ with which species it always has been confounded, 

 is altogether different from the present species in the shape 

 and structure of the horns and the skull ; but the most striking 

 differences are in the colour and in the mane ; besides these 

 there are also some other differences. But as 0. argali is 

 neither a new species, nor does it inhabit Turkestan, I shall 

 mention here only the following characteristics : the skull- 

 bones behind the orbits ankylose very early ; but the front 

 parts are not ankylosed even in specimens of from seven to 

 eiglit years of age, whilst the different parts of the skull of 

 O. Karelim ankylose simultaneously. 



