322 Mr. H. J. Carter on Deep-sea 



canal, although not inflated in the centre, is so at the extremi- 

 ties, which leads to an optical delusion, in which one arm 

 appears to be twisted backwards (see Dr. Bowerbank's illus- 

 tration, op, cit. vol. i. pi. X. fig. 240), 65- by 1-1 800th inch 

 (fig. 39, h, and PL XIV. fig. 21, e-h) ; 3, acerate, fusiform, 

 curved more or less, evidently inflated in the centre, especially 

 in the smaller forms, verticillately spined throughout at regu- 

 lar intervals, the spines becoming general towards the ends 

 (PI. XIV. fig. 21, i) — or moniliform, with smooth, elliptical 

 inflations only, decreasing in size from the centre towards 

 either end (fig. 21, k), 20-1800ths inch long. The large 

 spicules, viz. no. 1, project singly, for the most part, from 

 the summits of the aculeations respectively (fig. 21, w-p), 

 while no. 2, the centrally inflated subskeletoii-spicule, is 

 chiefly congregated round them at their exit from the aculea- 

 tion (fig. 21, oo) ; and the verticillately spined and moniliform 

 spicules, viz. no. 3 (fig. 21, i, k), make up, in their smaller 

 sizes, the greater part of the dermal layer (fig. 21, n), while 

 the larger ones are confined to the inner sarcode. Size of 

 specimen about ^V inch in horizontal diameter and about y\ 

 inch thick in the centre, including the aculeations, which 

 amount to half this. 



Hab. Marine, on small pebbles. 



Log. Atlantic Ocean, in 345 fathoms, about 40 miles 

 N.N.W. of the Shetland Islands. 



Obs. There are three specimens of this sponge, all about the 

 size mentioned ; two are light cream-coloured and the other 

 dark grey. The two light ones are in a jar labelled " 65,^^ 

 whose locality and depth is that above mentioned, and the 

 dark specimen in a jar labelled " 78," = 290 fathoms, about 

 65 miles N.N.W. of the Orkneys. Associated with the 

 latter is HymerapMa pyrula, n. sp., and with the former Pha- 

 kellia ventilabrum, Tisiphonia, Tethya cranium, Desmacella 

 pumilio, and Hymedesmia Jolinsoni. 



This sponge has already been named, described, and illus- 

 trated by Dr. Bowerbank {pp. cit. vol. ii. p. 145, vol. i. pi. x. 

 figs. 238, 239, and 240, and vol. iii. pi. xxvii. figs. 1-3) ; but 

 as the additional inflation towards the end of the large spicule 

 (fig. 2) in the latter illustration and the recurvature of the 

 third spine in fig. 240 (vol. i.) appear to me to be rather 

 exceptional than ordinary forms, while the observation in 

 vol. i. p. 146, that the " moniliform" is the '^ young state " 

 of the verticillate spicule, is not borne out by the fact that both 

 moniliform and verticillately spined spicules are present of all 

 sizes, from the smallest to the largest, which are of equal 

 length, however much the absence of the spines in the monili- 



