476 Mr. H. J. Carter on Beep-sea 



ture of the interior, projecting and frayed out; c, anchorate ; 



d, tricurvate : c, d, on the scale of l-24th to l-6000th inch. 



e, anchorate, more magnified. For the skeleton-spicule see 

 PI. XV. fig. 28. 



Fiff. 10. Halichondria foliata, Bk., fragment, natural size, a, anchorate ; 



h, tricurvate : scale l-24th to l-6000th inch. For the skeleton- 



spicules see PI. XV. fig. 29, a, b. 

 Fig. 11, Pliimohalichondria microcionides (rolled fragment), natural size. 



a, clavate acuate, spined, l-48th to l-6000th inch ; b, anchorate, 



more magnified : scale l-24th to l-6000th inch. For skeleton- 



spicules see PI. XV. fig. 30, a, b. 



Plate XIII. 



Fig. 12. Esperia placoides, natural size, a a a, scales ; b b, grooves 

 betvreen the scales ; c c, vents ; d, stem ; e, diagram of two 

 scales, viewed laterally, to show their structure and the groove 

 between them ; f, free surface, hirsute ; g, base, rooted to the 

 interior by bundles of skeletou-spicules ; h, vertical portion ; 

 ^, groove : scale l-24th to l-48th inch, k, diagram of a portion 

 of the surface of a " groove," magnified, to show I, the pore- 

 arese occupying the interstices of the reticulated smooth rugae, 

 I' I' I' ; m, vent, magnified^ to show form ; n, anchorate ; o, biha- 

 mate or fibula ; p, bundle of tricurvates ; q, single tricurvate : 

 m-q on same scale, viz. l-24th to l-6000th inch. For the 

 skeleton-spicule see PI. XV. fig. 32. 



Fig, 13. Fsperia borassus, on a fragment of Pnchastrella abgssi, Sdt., 

 natural size, a a a, pachastrella and spicules ; b, E. borassus ; 

 c, anchorate ; d, bihamate : on the same scale, viz. l-24th to 

 1-6000 inch. For the skeleton-spicule see PI. XV. fig. 33. 



Fig. 14. Esperia cupressiformis, var. hamatifera, free extremity, natural 

 size, a, large anchorate ; b, small anchorate ; c, bihamate : on 

 the same scale, viz. l-24th to l-6000th inch. For the skeleton- 

 spicule see PI. XV. fig. 34. 



Fig. 15. Cladorliiza abyssicola, Sars, branch of, natural size, a, charac- 

 teristic bihamate. 



Fig. 16. Cladorhiza abyssicola, var. corticocancellata, end of branch of, 

 natural size, a, characteristic bihamate. 



Fig. 17. Halichondria phlyctenodes, on a fragment of Corcdlistes Botcer- 

 bankiij natural size, a a a, Corallistes ; b, H. phlyctenodes ; 

 e c, appendiculate tubular vents ; d, end of one that has been 

 cut off; e, tubular vent, magnified two diameters ; y, anchorate; 

 </, bihamate : on the same scale, viz. l-24th to l-6000th inch. 

 For the skeleton-spicule see PL XV. fig. 3o. 



Fig. 18. Crihrella hospiUdis, Sdt., natural size, a, sponge ; b, pore-arese, 

 circular and cribriform ; c, stem ; d, anchorate : on the scale of 

 l-24th to l-6000th inch. For the skeleton-spicules see PI. XV. 

 fig. 36, a, b. 



Fig. 19. Halichondria for cipis, Bk., var. bidbosa, a fragment in a fragment 

 of a bivalve shell, natural size, a, shell ; b, sponge ; c, ancho- 

 rate ; d, bihamate ; e, tricurvate, in the form of a pair of open 

 compasses : on the same scale, viz. l-24th l-6U00th inch, 

 y, one arm of the tricurvate, more magnified to show the bulb at 

 the extremity. For the skeleton-spicules see PL XV. fig. 37, 

 Ufh. 



