36o DISCOVERY REPORTS 



Island (Fig. 8) produce a number of entirely cut-ofF or partially detached ice-forma- 

 tions whose terminal cliffs occupy the heads of the deep transverse embayments 

 which are a feature of the coast. There is a secondary system of similar ice-forma- 

 tions in the peninsulas themselves, since the subsidiary ridges which occupy them 

 have in turn short lateral spurs ending in most instances on the coast in steep or wholly 

 precipitous cliffs. With slight individual variations the majority of these ice-formations 

 correspond broadly with the type described by Nordenskjold as the "ice-foot" glacier, 

 some details of whose structure , already referred to in a somewhat general way on pp . 3 3 6-7 , 

 and effect on the underlying land, are given below (pp. 364-6). Excellent examples of this 

 type are to be seen on the north-eastern side of Scotia Bay and in Brown Bay. Towards 

 the eastern end of the island, where the central ridge dies down, the whole of the area 

 from Brown Bay to the base of Ferrier Peninsula is covered by a continuous ice-sheet, 

 which being thin and failing completely to mask the outline of the underlying hills, 

 clearly belongs to the Spitzbergen or as it is now called "highland" type of glaciation. 

 Through low saddles or cols in the central dividing ridge, such as that between Brown 

 Bay and Mill Cove, the glaciers on opposite sides of the island may coalesce to form an 

 ice-sheet continuous from coast to coast. Similar ice-sheets may also occur cutting 

 across the subsidiary ridges of the lateral peninsulas. Where there is such fusion of 

 opposing glaciers there is a combination of the two major forms of glaciation which 

 occur on the island, the "ice-foot" glaciers passing imperceptibly into ice-covers of the 

 highland type. 



Coronation Island. The distinctive feature of the glaciation of Coronation Island, 

 although in many respects it resembles that of Laurie Island, is the relatively great de- 

 velopment of highland ice. Pirie is unable to say much of the conditions here because, 

 except for a single landing of short duration in Lewthwaite Strait, Coronation Island 

 was only seen from a distance. He remarks that the land area is wider and higher than 

 that of Laurie Island and is more extensively covered by ice, apparently of the 

 Spitzbergen (highland) variety. On the eastern coast, where he landed, the ice con- 

 ditions appeared to resemble closely those that were subsequently found on Laurie 

 Island.^ 



Actually the glaciation of Coronation Island is very much as Pirie imagined. Along 

 the whole of the eastern side in particular, where there are a number of ridges running 

 more or less transverse to the coast, the ice-formations like many on Laurie Island are 

 partially detached, and broadly speaking belong to the ice-foot type (Plates XIX, XXI). 

 In general appearance, in its glaciation as well as in other respects, this coast bears a 

 striking resemblance to the north-eastern side of Scotia Bay, the western side of Pirie 

 Peninsula (Plate XXIII, fig. 2) and to other parts of the coast of Laurie Island. There is a 

 marked tendency on this side of Coronation Island for neighbouring glaciers to coalesce 

 laterally at their seaboard ends, a fact which leads one to suspect that the dividing 

 ridges here have undergone and even now are undergoing considerable erosion and 

 change (see pp. 365-6). 



' Pirie, J. H. Harvey, 1913, loc. cit., pp. 861-2. 



