426 Fortieth Annual Meeting 



be used under different circumstances cannot be exactly 

 prescribed. The demand depends upon the character of the 

 pond and that is, as all know, of the greatest variety. The 

 material presumed to be necessary (superphosphate, lime, 

 potash and later nitrogen) must absolutely be in the pond 

 together when it is filled, that the algae may find all necessary 

 aliments, dissolved in the water, in sufficient quantity at the 

 same time. So soon as any one of the leading ingredients 

 in the pond is used up, the increase of the algae and with it 

 the production of food-animals and carp-flesh comes to a 

 standstill. So it would be a mistake to fertilize, say, one 

 year exclusively with lime, next summer with superphos- 

 phate and the third year with potash. 



That ponds which are to receive a fertilizing of the bot- 

 tom or of the water must be free from litter and that no 

 water must flow through them is plain from reasons stated 

 above. 



By continued water-fertilization, no matter whether it is 

 done with liquid manure, stable manure, etc., or with suit- 

 able commercial fertilizers, the fish culturist endeavors to 

 produce by artificial means the conditions of village ponds, 

 that is, to work the ponds up to the highest possible natural 

 growth. This, however, would not be a complete success, 

 and will not be reached until these good ponds are heavily 

 stocked and the fishes fed accordingly. The more algae and 

 food-animals a pond produces, the better fitted it is for 

 intensive feeding, and the more favorable results will this 

 feeding yield. Rich fertilization and correct feeding must 

 be the watchword in pond-culture. — Instructor Behringer, 

 in "Journal of the Agricultural Society of Bavaria." 



CARP CULTURE IN FRANCE 



In the vicinity of Paris it is generally about the first of 

 June that the carp spawns. But the date varies a great 

 deal, according to atmospheric conditions ; a cold spring re- 

 tards it, just as untimely heat may accelerate it. Actually 

 this species spawns when the water has attained a tempera- 



