White. — Marine Animal Oils 89 



heated by an oil bath. The nickel was deposited on as- 

 bestos fibre. An oil of pleasant nutty odor was pre- 

 pared by hydrogenating for a few hours. It is hoped 

 that this problem may be studied to a greater extent. 

 While torpedo liver oil has been used to a small extent 



I by some fishermen for rheumatism, it has otherwise 

 been unutilized. It was applied to the bearings on 

 lathes, to the valve-stem of the steam engine, and else- 

 where in the machine shop at Woods Hole. The results 

 were very promising. It of course saponified readily on 

 the steam engine, and was found an excellent lubricant 

 as it did not gum, although the bearings on the lathe 

 heated up somewhat. It is too light an oil for such pur- 



; poses, as the viscosity is low, but it should serve well as 

 a spindle oil. The refined oil should be an excellent lubri- 

 cant for light machinery. 



SPINY DOGFISH LIVER OIL. 



Spiny dogfish livers yield 45 to 55 per cent, oil of good 

 quality if rendered properly. Prepared in the best man- 

 ner, the oil is light yellow in color, clear, and of slight 

 odor. Bleaching powder does not improve the oil to any 

 extent, nor treatment with charcoal or diatomacious 

 earth. By the steam treatment as with the torpedo liver 

 oil, a product of excellent character was obtained. The 

 i following table presents the results of analyses: 



TABLE III. 



PROPERTIES OF CRUDE AND REFINED SPINY DOGFISH 

 LIVER OIL. 



a -j Saponifi- , ,. ... 



k cation Iodine Viscosity Density 



number n ^^ r number at50°c. at20°c. 



■JrttS! •*•■•;*;. °' 59 172 -° 116 - 1 °- 21 71 0.9066 



•ll treated with 



bleaching powder. .. 0.62 1714 2lP.fi 



il treated with 



3team 0.59 172.6 112.7 0.2183 0.9083 



While the character of the oil of the torpedo liver va- 

 'es but little, as evidenced by the two sets of constants 



