i88s1 Stejneger, Anal&cla Ornithologica. I 87 



Gyrfalcons in the U. S. National Museum, in company with Mr. 

 R. Ridgway, we came to the following conclusions : 



1. There are two distinct species of Gyrfalcons, the 'white,' 

 and the L brown.' 



2. The latter is divisible into three geographical races, the 

 typical (Scandinavian) form, the Iceland-Greenland form, and 

 the Labrador form. 



3. We are, at present, unable to appreciate the distinction of 

 the so-called F. holboelli and F. sacer Forst. 



I therefore propose that the North American forms be recog- 

 nized as 



R. 412. Falco islandus Brunn, White Gyrfaixon. 

 412a. Falco rusticolus Linn. Gray Gyrfaixon. 

 412^. Falco rusticolus gyrfalco {Linn.). Gyrfaixon. 

 412c. Falco rusticolus obsoletus (Gm.). Labrador 

 Gyrfaixon. 

 The following synonyms of No. 412 and 412 a may be found 

 useful by those wishing to go further into details : 



412. Falco islandus Brunn. White Gyrfaixon. 



1764. — Falco islandus Brunnich, Orn. Bor. p. 2, ns. 7 & 8. — Fabricius, 

 Fauna Groenl. p. 58 (1780). — Latham, Synops. Suppl. I, p. 282, 

 (1787). — Beciistein, Orn. Taschenb. p. 40 (1803). 



1783. — Falco gyrfalco Boddaert, Tabl. Pl-Enl. p. 26; (nee Linn.). 



1786. — Falco rusticolus Mohr, Islandsk Naturh. p. 19 (part.). 



1788. — Falco islandus, p albus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I, p. 271. 



1788. — Falco islandus -y maculatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I, p. 271. 



17S8. — Falco candicans Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I, p. 275. 



1790. — Falco islandicus Latham, Ind. Orn. I, p. 32. — Mey. & Wolf, 

 Tasch. V. Deutschl. I, p. 65 (1810). Temm., Man. d'Orn. 2 

 ed. p. 17 (1820). — Sw. & Rich. Fauna Bor. Am. II, p. 27 

 (1831). — Audub. B. Am. (pi. ccclxvi)(i836). — Gould, B. of Eur. 

 I (pi. 19) (1837). — Audub B. Am. 8vo ed. I, p. 81 (1839). — 

 Holboell, Faun. Grdnl. (p. 18) (1854). 



1S06. — Falco grocnlandicus Turton, Gen. Syst. Nat. I (p. 147) (nee 

 Daudin, 1800). — Hancock, Ann. N. H. II, p. 249 (1839). 



1854. — Falco islandicus candicans Holboell, Zeitschr. Ges. Naturw. Ill 

 (p. 426). 



i860. — Falco gyrfalco var. candicans Schrenck, Reis. Amurl. I, p. 228. 



1874. — Hierofalco holboelli Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. I, pi xiii, right- 

 hand figure. 



