2QO Recent Literature. [ July- 



while in these counties." Class I (n species) consists of 'residents'; 

 Class II (135 species), of true migrants; Class III (13 species), of birds 

 that "arc migratory, but whose movements through these counties seem 

 greatly influenced by changes of temperature" ; Class IV (20 species), of spe- 

 cies which "are migratory, but whose movements. ... are influenced to a 

 great extent by immediate changes of temperature" ; Class V (13 species), 

 which arrive from the North in fall, or appear irregularly during the 

 colder months; Class VI (18 species), of rare or presumably irregular 

 occurrence. The birds in Class II, known to breed (100 in number), are 

 indicated as breeding, and the manner of occurrence of those of Class VI is 

 indicated by proper annotations. Otherwise the lists are simply nominal. 

 A table gives the dates of arrival in spring in 1882 and 18S3 of nearly 

 one hundred species for both Brown and Outagamie Counties. There 

 are also notes on the food of 24 species, mostly from Prof. F. H. King's 

 well-known work on 'The Economic Relations of Wisconsin Birds,' fol- 

 lowed by two pages of remarks on the movements and geographical limita- 

 tions of certain species. The paper gives evidence of careful observation, 

 and is a valuable contribution to our knowledge of the manner of occur- 

 rence and movements of the birds of the area in question. — J. A. A. 



Lawrence on New Species of American Birds.* — The three species here 

 described are (1) Contopus albicollis, (2) Chcetura yucatatiica, and (3) 

 Engyptila gaumeri. All were recently collected by Mr. George F. Gau- 

 mer in Yucatan. — J. A. A. 



Ridgway on New Species and Subspecies of American Birds, and on 

 the Nomenclature of other Species. — Numerous papers on birds have 

 been published by Mr. Ridgway in the 'Proceedings of the U. S. Na- 

 tional Museum' (Vols. VI, VII and VIII, 1883-1885), which we have not 

 hitherto noticed, and to which we now call attention. 



The first in order of appearance is a paper based on a fine collection of 

 Japanese birds,! made by Mr. P. L. Jouey, in which Mr. Ridgway calls 

 attention to the close resemblance of Anthus japonicus to A. ludovi- 

 cianns (auct., = A. pensylvanicus Lath.). They are so much alike, he says, 

 "that their distinctness might almost be questioned." The four winter 

 specimens of A. japonicus, constituting his series, differ constantly from 

 A. hidovicianus only in the paler color of the feet. J Other species re- 



* Descriptions of supposed New Species of Birds of the Families Tyrannidae, Cyp- 

 selidoe and Columbidne. By George N.Lawrence. Ann. New York Acad. Sci., III. 

 No. 5, Jan. 5, 1885, pp. 156-158. 



t Notes on some Japanese Birds related to North American species. By Robert 

 Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, pp. 368-371. (Published December 29, 1883.) 



\ It may be stated in this connection that Mr. Sharpe (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X, 

 1885, pp. 592-599) makes both A. ludovicianus (= pcnnsylvanicus) and A. japonicus 

 subspecies of A. spipoletta (= spinolctta auct.). 



