102 Chadbourxe on the Summer Birds of the White Mis. [April 



to appear. A stream runs under this bank of snow, and cutting 

 a deep cavern on its way, called the 'Snow Arch,' continues 

 through the Ravine to join the Ellis River at the base of the 

 mountain. Along the banks of this stream from the end of the 

 Snow Arch to the spruce and fir forest below are dense alder 

 thickets, which extend several rods back on each side, and are 

 still farther prolonged by a dense growth of scrub spruce and fir 

 nowhere over six feet high. This was a capital place for such 

 birds as Black-polled Warblers, Juncos, and White-throated Spar- 

 rows, and they were more abundant here than at any other point 

 visited, with the possible exception of the low forest opposite the 

 Half-way House. 



The changes in the fauna cannot be better seen than by walking 

 up the carriage road from the Glen to the summit. For the first 

 mile or two the forest is largely fine old growth hemlocks, spruces 

 {Abies nigra), and birches, with cornels, elders, spiraeas, and 

 hazels along the roadside, and here such birds as the Hermit 

 Thrush, Black-throated Blue Warbler, Black-throated Green 

 Warbler, Canadian Warbler, and Red-eyed Vireo occur. Then 

 there is a change, the fine old trees gradually give place to 

 more and more stunted growth, the firs and spruces become more 

 plenty, and at last almost entirely replace the hard wood trees, 

 except on some slide or clearing where there is a dense growth 

 of young birches and poplars; the cornels, elders, etc., disap- 

 pear, and low birches, alders, and moose wood ( Viburnum 

 lantanoides) take their place. At the beginning of the fourth 

 mile there are frequent patches of Labrador tea and mountain 

 blueberries, while an occasional painted cup or alpine sandwort 

 show that the lowest limit of an alpine fauna has been reached. 

 There is a similar change in the birds. Olive-backed Thrushes 

 still occur, but the harsh note of the Bicknell's Thrush is also 

 heard, Black-poll Warblers begin to sing along the roadside, 

 and the Hudson's Bay Chickadee becomes more common than the 

 Black-capped. 



About four miles by the carriage road from the base of the 

 mountain the forest practically ceases and a dense growth of 

 dwarf spruce begins. The trees are from two to six feet high 

 and have their branches so matted and interlaced, that one is 

 forced to walk over them if they are low, or to crawl under them 

 if they are high, for it is impossible to force a way through. 



