1887.] Chadbourne on the Summer Birds of the White Mts. 107 



anywhere. The lowest point at which it was seen on the mountain was 

 3140 feet, and the highest near the tree limit in Tuckerman's Ravine, at 

 an elevation of 4100 feet. 



40. Sitta canadensis. Red-breasted Nuthatch. — Common at the 

 hase of the mountain, but more plenty at a higher altitude, and most 

 abundant in the low spruce and fir forest near the limit of timber. Young 

 birds in first plumage were killed on Jnly 12, opposite the Half-way 

 House. On September 2, 1SS4, I sriw one running over the bare rocks on 

 the summit of Mt. Clay. 



41. Parus atricapillus. Chickadee. — Extends from the base to the 

 limit of timber. None were seen in the dwarf spruces or low matted 

 growth, and above 3000 feet it was less'plenty than P. hudsonicus. The 

 latter seems to replace it almost entirely in Tuckerman's' Ravine above 

 4100 feet, and also around the Half-way House (3S00 feet). 



42. Parus hudsonicus. Hudsonian Chickadee. — The lowest point 

 at which this bird was seen was a short distance below our camp in the 

 Great Gulf (altitude, 3050 feet). It was rare there, however, and during 

 our two weeks' stay we saw only five. About the Half-way House in 

 Tuckerman's Ravine, and on the path from there to the carriage road, it 

 was comparatively plenty, as low as 3300 feet, though nowhere an abun- 

 dant bird. On September 2, 1SS4, a small flock was seen in the 'saddle' 

 between Mt. Jefferson and Mt. Adams, though the dwarf spruces were not 

 over two feet high. 



43. Regulus satrapa. Golden-crowned Kinglet. — Common from 

 base to tree limit. None seen above the timber line, and everywhere 

 equally plenty. 



44. Turdus aliciae bicknelli. Bicknell's Thrush. — Found from an 

 altitude of 3000 feet to the limit of stunted spruces about four feet high, 

 4340 feet in Tuckerman's Ravine being the highest point at which it was 

 noted. In the neighborhood of our camp in the Great Gulf (3140 feet) 

 it was less plenty than T. ustulatus stvainsonii, though not to any great 

 extent; but at 4100 feet in Tuckerman's Ravine it outnumbered it nearly 

 three to one. Bicknell's Thrush was most abundant, however, in the 

 woods opposite the Half-way House and for about half a mile below it. 

 A young bird in full first plumage was taken on July 12, 18S4. 



45. Turdus ustulatus swainsonii. Olive-backed Thrush. Occurs 

 throughout the country at the base of the mountain, but is there outnum- 

 bered by T. aonalaschka? pallasii ' ; the latter soon becomes rare as a higher 

 altitude is reached, but its place is then taken by T. alicia? bicknelli; 

 there is, how r ever, an intermediate tract where T. u. swainsonii is the most 

 abundant of the Thrushes. In short, Swainson's is the only Thrush that 

 extends uninterruptedly from base to shrub limit, though in the highest 

 part of its range it is less plenty than Bicknell's, and near the base not as 

 common as the Hermit. In the intervale land along the river, T. a. fml- 

 lasii takes the place held by T. u. s-vainsouii, and is there outnumbered by 

 T. fuscescens. So that there are in all four distinct areas of distribution : 



1. The intervale woods and thickets along the Androscoggin River, 

 where T. fuscescens is abundant, T. u. pallasii less so. 



