Vol. XIX- 

 igo2 



Henshaw, The Elcpaio of Hazvaii. 23 I 



C. sandwichensis ridgwayi (Sfe/.). Chestnut-faced Elepaio. 



Adult male. — Color above dark brown with chestnut shade; forehead, 

 lores, a line above eve and sides of head chestnut, the cheeks showing 

 more or less black ; wings and tail blackish brown ; greater wing-coverts 

 black, tipped with white, thus forming a white wing-bar ; middle coverts 

 black-tipped, interrupted with white ; chin always, and sometimes most of 

 throat, black; feathers of lower throat for a variable distance tipped with 

 white, which color meets the chestnut of sides of head; breast, sides and 

 flanks light chestnut; belly and under tail-coverts white; three outer tail 

 feathers tipped with white, outer ones more broadly ; legs and feet and 

 lower mandible (save tip) blue ; upper mandible black with bluish cast ; 

 cutting edge blue. 



Adult female. — Above lighter brown, with chestnut tinge; all the 

 feathers of throat usually white tipped, though, not rarely, chin black; 

 otherwise like male. 



Jiiveyiile. — Above ochraceous brown ; bright ochraceous on rump and 

 browner on head ; wings and tail dark brown ; wing-coverts tipped with 

 ochraceous ; below drab gray, passing into white on abdomen ; legs and 

 feet light bluish; lower mandible, extreme tip dark brown; upper 

 mandible brownish black. 



Adult males of both forms occasionally have the entire throat 

 black (feathers of head and throat of all adults are black at base), 

 with perhaps a few white-tipped feathers on its lower edge. 

 Females may usually be distinguished by the white throats, but 

 occasionally the chin is black and, as some males that have not 

 quite reached the final stage (it is possible that some never assume 

 the highest stage of plumage) are similarly colored, this test is 

 not always reliable. 



In some individuals of satidtoichcnsis the white on sides of neck 

 meets the white markings on the hind neck, and thus tends to form 

 a nearly complete white collar. 



The general tints of the typical sandivichensis are lighter than 

 the corresponding plumages of ridgwayi. Frequently there is so 

 much white about the head of adult male sandwichensis that they 

 can be distinguished as far as seen, they appearing to be white- 

 headed. 



At all seasons of the year individuals of both forms are to be 

 found in an intermediate stage of plumage, and, as they breed in 

 this condition, the plumage might almost be described as a definite 



