178 Norton, Evening Grosbeak in Maine. [April 



ences and feeding habits, its anatomy, its migration, and its 

 habits in captivity have been more or less fully told. 



A survey of this extensive literature shows that its migration 

 eastward has been accomplished by a gradual range extension, 

 rather than by a sudden invasion. 



In 1825, 1 — if not a few years earlier, according to Schoolcraft, 

 the species was said to be common about the head of Lake Superior 

 at Fond du Lac, etc., and during the first week of April 1823, a 

 small flock was observed at Sault St. Marie, Michigan, from which 

 the type was taken. It is also stated in the same article that in 

 August of the same year Maj. Dealfield observed a small flock 

 near the Savannah River, northwest of Lake Superior. 



For about thirty years it seems to have received no public notice, 

 and whether it made visits to this southeastern part of its range is 

 not known. 



In 1853, P. R. Hoy 2 still reported it as "not uncommon" in 

 Wisconsin. 



During the early fifties it began to make its appearance farther 

 and farther to the eastward, with more or less regularity and 

 increasing frequency. 



In 1854 a flock of five or six visited Toronto in December 3 and 

 since the bird was present near Hamilton in April 1855, 4 we find 

 possible if not probable evidence of wintering. 



In 1858 it was observed and at least one specimen taken in north- 

 ern Illinois. 5 



In March 1860, small numbers were present near Cleveland, 

 Ohio. 6 



During the winter of 1861 and '62, it was present in the north- 

 ern part of Huron County, Ontario, 7 and in May, 1863, at 



1825, Cooper quoting Schoolcraft, Ann. Lye. N. H., N. Y., I: 221. 



2 Hoy, 1853, Proc. Phil. Acad., N. S., VI: 383. Here we may notice also Dr. Hoy's re- 

 marks on "Man's Influence on the Avifauna of Wisconsin" (1885, Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. 

 Wise.) as having some possible bearing upon the initial migration eastward. He says: 

 " Hesperiphona vespertirm was formerly not uncommon in late fall and early spring in the 



Maple forests feeding on the seeds None have been seen here for the last twenty years. 



The Sugar Maple groves are nearly all converted into cordwood and the wheat occupies 

 the cite once visited by this northwestern bird." 



3 1885: Seton. Auk, 11: 334. I have not seen Cottle's paper 1855, Can. Journ. Ill: 287. 

 * 1892: Gamier, Proc. Can. Inst. Ill: 88. 



s 1859: Cassin, Proc. Phil. Acad., N. S., X: 191. 

 « 1860: Kirtland, Ohio Farmer: March 24. 

 ' 1892: Garnier, Proc. Can. Inst. Ill: 88. 



