468 Oberholser, Subspecies oj Larus hyperboreus. [o"t. 



species in the collections of the following institutions and indi- 

 viduals: the United States National Museum, including the 

 Biological Survey; the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- 

 delphia; the American Museum of Natural History; the Museum 

 of Comparative Zoology; and the Brooklyn Museum of Arts and 

 Sciences; Mr. John E. Thayer, Mr. William Brewster, Mr. A. C. 

 Bent, Dr. J. Dwight, Dr. L. B. Bishop, and Dr. L. C. Sanford. 



Larus hyperboreus hyperboreus Gunnerus. 



[Larus] glaucus Brunnich, Ornith. Bor., 1764, p. 44 (Iceland) (nee 

 Larus glaucus Pontoppidan, 1763, qui Larus canus Linnseus). 



Larus hyperboreus Gtjnnerus, in Leem's Beskr. Finm. Lapper, 1767, 

 p. 226, footnote (northern Norway). 



Larus giganteus Benicke, Ann. Wetterau. Gesellsch., Ill, 1812, p. 140 

 (Baltic Sea, northern Europe) (Temminck MS.). 



Larus mazimus O'Reilly, Greenland, the Adjacent Seas, etc., 1818, 

 p. 141, pi. XIII (Greenland Seas) (nee Larus maximus Forster, 1817, 

 qui Larus marinus Linnaeus) (Bullock MS.). 



Larus leuceretes Schleep, Ann. Wetterau. Gesellsch., IV, Heft II, 1819, 

 p. 314 (in text) (far north [of Europe]; accidental on coast of Germany) 

 (Meyer MS.). 



Larus consul Boie, (Wiedemann's) Zool. Mag., I, pt. Ill, 1819, p. 126 

 (near Helsingor, Denmark). 



Larus medius Brehm, Beitr. Vogelk., Ill, 1822, p. 810 (Seeland I., 

 Denmark). 



Larus islandicus Edmonston, Mem. Wern. Soc, IV, 1822, p. 185. 



Larus minor Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vog. Deutschl., 1831, p. 736 

 (nom. nov. pro Larus medius Brehm). 



Larus glacialis Brehm, Lehrb. Naturg. Europ. Vogel, II, 1824, p. 704 

 (extreme northern colony of Greenland) (Benicke MS.). 



Larus Hutchinsii Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., II, 1831 (1832), p. 

 419 (Albany River, Ontario). 



Chars, subsp. — Size large; mantle pale. 



Measurements. 1 — Male: wing, 457-483 (average, 468) mm.; tail, 

 190-213 (198); exposed culmen, 60-69 (63.8); height of bill at base, 21-26 

 (23); tarsus, 70-75 (72); middle toe with claw, 69-74 (71). 



Female: wing, 432-451 (average, 441) mm.; tail, 184-206 (191); ex- 

 posed culmen, 56-61 (57.9); height of bill at base, 19-22 (20.2); tarsus, 

 66-73 (69); middle toe with claw, 63-72 (67). 



1 From Dwight, ' The Auk,' XXIII, No. 1, January, 1906, p. 28, except for dimensions 

 of bill, which have been remeasured for the present use. 



