1915 Shufeldt, Anatomy of the Passenger Pigeon. 35 



Beyond this atrophy, the organ is normal and presents nothing 

 worthy of special note. The right ovary is quite rudimentary, so 

 rudimentary, indeed, and associated as it is with the mutilation of 

 the various organs of the abdominal cavity, referred to in a previous 

 paragraph, that, in the absence of a microscopical examination, 

 this ovary and oviduct might be mistaken for something else, 

 though not likely, as I am familiar with its appearance in a great 

 many species of birds, including the Pigeons. 



As I am unable to give any account of the intestine owing to the 

 aforesaid absence, I will quote MacGillivray on the subject, his 

 specimen having been an adult male in spirits. Omitting the 

 reference letters to his figure, he says : " The intestine is 4 feet long, 

 4 twelfths in width, at the narrowest part only 2 twelfths. The 

 duodenum curves in the usual manner, at the distance of three 

 inches. The intestine forms six folds. The cceca are extremely 

 diminutive, being only \\ twelfths in breadth; they are 2 inches 

 distant from the extremity; the cloaca [is] oblong." 



Neither the large lungs nor any of the air-sacs I examined pre- 

 sented anything peculiar, nor do they depart in any way from those 

 structures as they occur in ordinary large wild pigeons generally. 

 The lungs were very dark, and appear to have been congested at 

 the time of death. 



Posterior to these, the spleen, the ovaries, the adrenals, and the 

 pancreas were all either broken up, as described above, or entirely 

 removed, which was the case with the pancreas, as it, in pigeons, 

 occurs in a loop or fold of the duodenal division of the intestine. 



For the purpose of further anatomical description, I determined 

 at this point to remove from the trunk various organs and struc- 

 tures that could not well be described in situ. These included the 

 respiratory apparatus, the heart and great vessels, the digestive tract, 

 remains of the liver, etc. 



Respiratory and Vocal Organs: As the 1839 octavo edition of 

 Audubon's Birds (Geo. R. Lockwood ed.) is accessible but to the 

 few, I am taking the liberty of quoting here the essential para- 

 graphs of MacGillivray (as cited above) on some of the remaining 

 organs, in that the student may note the agreement or disagreement, 

 as the case may be, with my own observations as set forth below. 

 Be it remembered, however, that MacGillivray's spirit specimen 

 was a male bird, and the one here being described is a female. 



