1915 J Shufeldt, Anatomy of the Passenger Pigeon. 37 



muscles strong, as are the sterno-tracheal, which come off at a 

 distance of \ inch. There is a single pair of inferior laryngeal 

 muscles going to the upper edge of the last tracheal ring." (loc. 

 cit., p. 34.) To this I may add that a pessulus does not form a part 

 of the lower larynx in this pigeon; apparently there is not even a 

 rudiment of one. 



The superior division of the oesophagus, twenty-five millimeters 

 in length, is a strong, muscular tube of uniform caliber, and capable 

 of considerable extension. Externally, its fibers run longitudinally. 

 At the distance above mentioned from the buccal extremity, it 

 suddenly dilates into an enormous crop, which, when filled, has an 

 ellipsoidal form, with the major axis transversely disposed. This 

 axis measures about 54 millimeters, while the minor axis or longi- 

 tudinal one is about one-fourth less. 



In a male bird, MacGillivray found the crop much larger, or 63 

 by 77 millimeters. Below, the crop in the present specimen has 

 nearly a uniform caliber for a distance of 27 millimeters. It is 

 strong and muscular, with muscular plica? longitudinally raised 

 upon its extreme surface. Still further along, it gradually dilates, 

 to become the proventriculus , which, terminally very considera- 

 bly enlarged, enters the gizzard or stomach. This latter is placed 

 obliquely in the abdominal cavity as shown in Plate V. 



MacGillivray found the gizzard in the male bird much larger 

 than it is in the female here being described. He states that it 

 was two inches and two-twelfths in breadth, and one inch and one- 

 fourth in length. The gizzard at hand is but little more than half 

 this size. It has the usual structure found in the Columbce, and I 

 found its internal cavity to contain a dozen or more quartz pebbles 

 of the size of coarse bird-shot. The musculus intermidias of this 

 gizzard is strong and well developed; its form, from two views, is 

 shown in the plates, as well as its internal structure on section. 



In a former paragraph I have already described the condition in 

 which I found the right lobe of the liver, when I opened the abdominal 

 cavity, and this leaves but the smaller left lobe for consideration. 

 It has a transverse diameter of 21 millimeters, and an average 

 longitudinal one of some 12 mm., not taking into consideration the 

 three distal processes it presents: a small median one, and one 

 upon either side of double its size. This distal margin is sharp, 



