V ° 1 'i9i9 XVI ] MacCaughey, The Hawaiian Elepaio. 25 



Chasiempis sandwichensis (Gmel.) The Hawaii Elepaio. 



Synonymy — Sandwich Flycatcher; Spotted-winged Flycatcher; Brown- 

 faced Flycatcher; Muscicapa sandwichensis Gm.; Muscicapa sandwicensis 

 Lath.; M uscicapa macula ta Gmel.; Cnipolegus sp. Scl. ; Eopsaltria (Chasi- 

 empis) Sandwichensis Gray; Eopsaltria (Chasiempis) maculata Gray; 

 Chasiempis sandvicensis Scl.; Chasiempis sandwichensis Finsch & Hartl.; 

 Chasiempis ridgivayi Stejn.; Chasiempis ibidis Stejn. 



Plumage — There seems to be a tendency toward a differentiation into 

 sub-species. According to Henshaw birds on the windward side of the 

 island have forehead, lores and superciliary stripe chestnut; birds on the 

 leeward side have these parts white. This has been confirmed by other 

 collectors. There is no noteworthy difference in the plumage of the sexes. 

 The following very detailed descriptions, which may be taken as typical 

 for the group, have been revised and amended from the careful descrip- 

 tions by Rothschild. 



Final adult plumage: Forehead, lores, and superciliary stripe white or 

 chestnut, more or less spotted, the bases of the feathers black. 



Above, from the head to the back, dark olive-brown or bistre, tinged with 

 rufous and spotted with white on the hind-neck and lower back. 



Rump and upper-tail-coverts pure white, base of feathers black. 

 Wing-coverts (except primary-coverts) and inner secondaries black, 

 broadly tipped with white. Primary coverts black. Quills blackish- 

 brown, narrowly edged on the outer webs with olive-brown, distinctly 

 edged with white on the inner webs, the first ones only at the basal parts. 



Rectrices black, outermost pair with half of the outer web to the tip 

 white, and with the tip of the inner web for \ to at least \ white. 



The remaining tail feathers have a large portion of the inner web and a 

 much smaller portion of the outer web white; these spots decreasing in size 

 until the central pair is reached, where only quite narrow white tips are 

 visible. 



Feathers of the under-parts black at their bases, white at the tips. The 

 chin remains quite black, then the white tips appear, so that the throat 

 is varied white and black. The white tips become so broad that the entire 

 lower throat, breast, abdomen, and under-tail-coverts are pure white. 



Sides of the breast and body are more or less washed with tawny-olive. 

 Under-wing-coverts spotted brown and white, the bases being deep brown, 

 the tips broadly white. Feathers of the thighs black with white tips. 

 Iris dark brown; upper mandible slaty-black, under mandible slaty-blue; 

 legs and feet slaty-blue. 



Intermediate plumage: Birds having this plumage may be adult and breed, 

 but it is not the final plumage described above. 



Above dark olive-brown with a rufous shade, thus appearing a trifle 

 brighter than the final plumage. 



Lores, forehead, and a more or less distinct line above and behind the 

 eyes tawny brownish-yellow, sometimes mixed with whitish or white. 

 Rump and upper-tail-coverts white, the bases of the feathers black 



