106 ALLEN 
Ophiodon and Scorpenichthys have a left gastric vein, which 
empties into the precava; while in Sedastodes and Hexagram- 
mos the ventral gastric veins are greatly enlarged, and evi- 
dently to some extent take the place of this vessel, nevertheless 
in Scorpenichthys the ventral gastric is a good sized vessel and 
anastomoses with the right gastric vein. In Ofhiodon and 
Scorpenichthys there is a grand anastomosis in the cardiac 
portion of the stomach of the branches of the right gastric, left 
gastric, ventral gastric, posterior gastric and posterior mesen- 
teric veins. Usually the right and left pyloric caeca veins unite 
to form the left portal, but in Sebastodes the right pyloric ceca 
vein joins intestinal vein,,, to form the left portal, and the left 
pyloric ceca vein empties into the common portal trunk. Ofphz- 
odon and Scorpenichihys have a connecting vein in the region 
of the spleen that links the 2 portal systems; in Ophzodon it 
usually connects intestinal vein,,) with the anterior intestinal or 
duodenum vein; while in Scorpenichthys it connects the splenic 
and common intestinal veins. Within the liver the 2 portals are 
usually distinctly separated in Ophzodon and in Scorpenichthys ; 
while in Hexagrammos radical a of the left portal anastomoses 
with the right portal; and in Sedastodes both portals together 
with the ventral gastric and left pyloric czca veins unite in 
forming a common portal trunk, which gives off numerous 
radicals that break up into the interlobular veins. 
47. Leenal Portal System. 
Like the hepatic portal system the renal portal system con- 
sists of two principal venous trunks, which are connected by a 
system of venous capillaries within the kidney. One of these 
trunks, the caudal vein, arises in the region of the tail and pur- 
sues a cephalic course in the hemal canal, immediately below 
the caudal artery, receiving the neural veins from above and 
the hemal veins from below. Piercing the dorsal surface of the 
kidney it bifurcates into a right and left renal portal vein; each 
of these sends off numerous afferent renal veins that after 
breaking up into capillaries reunite in numerous efferent renal 
veins, which terminate in, and form, the right cardinal vein. 
This trunk starts in the posterior end of the kidney, passing 
