BLOOD-VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE LORICATI I19 
the dorsal intestinal branch to form main zutestznal vern.,), 
which shortly joins the rzght gastric vern (fig. 37; R.Gas.V.) 
to form the vzght portal. This trunk (fig. 37; R.Por.V.) 
passes under intestinal artery;,,, and when the right lobe of the 
liver is reached, sends off a branch to it, and anastomoses with 
the left portal to form the common portal. The branch to the 
right lobe of the liver receives the gall-bladder vetn (fig. 37 ; 
G.BI.V.), which drains the entire bladder, and receives a 
branch from a gland-like body marked G. 
The left portal vein (fig. 37; L.Por.V.) has its origin from 
intestinal vein ,,, and two pyloric ceca veins. Jntestinal vern .,) 
(fig. 37; Int.V.,,) arising from the iliac loop passes cephalad 
below the corresponding artery, and after crossing under the 
dorsal branch of intestinal vein,,,, the spleen, and the ventral 
branch of intestinal vein ,,, it receives a vessel coming from the 
dorsal surface of pyloric cecum ,,, designated as the rzght 
pyloric ceca ver (fig. 37; R.Ce.V.), and later the left pyloric 
ceca ven (fig. 37; L.Cz.V.), which arises from between the 
fourth and fifth pyloric ceca. The left portal thus formed 
curves around on the dorsal surface of the liver and anastomos- 
ing with the right portal forms the common portal trunk (fig. 
38; C.Por.V.), which gives off several terminal branches or 
radicals to the liver. Into this common portal is poured a rather 
large ventral gastric vein (fig. 38; V.Gas.V.), which may to’ 
some extent take the place of the absent left gastric vein found 
in Ophiodon. 
The dorsal aorta presents no peculiarities, except that there 
are a great number of spermatic arteries (fig. 373; Sper-A.), 
usually g or 10. 
Renal Portal System.—In the kidney there is a complete 
renal portal system. The caudal vezn (fig. 37; Cau.V.) runs 
along the left dorsal surface of the kidney as the renal portal 
vein, giving off large afferent renal verns (fig. 37; A.Ren.V.) 
to each side; while the much smaller efferent renal verns (fig. 
37; E.Ren.V.) return the blood to the zght cardinal. 'This 
trunk receives, directly, 9 or 10 spermatic veins (fig. 373 
Sper.V.) from the reproductive organs. The cntercostal veins 
(fig. 37; Intc.V.), however, do not empty directly into the 
cardinal, but reach it through the efferent renal veins. 
